新建一个Maven的项目,然后配置的web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<!-- async-supported是servlet 3.0后推出的新特性: 作用是支持异步处理-->
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do,对应struts的后缀习惯 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
配置项目的属性中相关的依赖版本:
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本号 -->
<mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
<!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
<slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>
在添加如下依赖:
<!-- spring核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入java ee jar 包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入Mysql数据库链接jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.36</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis/spring包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志文件管理包 -->
<!-- log start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
在资源下建立的log4j.xml,弹簧mvc.xml
log4j的文件如下:
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,Console,File
#定义日志输出目的地为控制台
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.Target=System.out
#可以灵活地指定日志输出格式,下面一行是指定具体的格式
log4j.appender.Console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c] - %m%n
#文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件
log4j.appender.File = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
#指定输出目录
log4j.appender.File.File = logs/ssm.log
#定义文件最大大小
log4j.appender.File.MaxFileSize = 10MB
# 输出所以日志,如果换成DEBUG表示输出DEBUG以上级别日志
log4j.appender.File.Threshold = ALL
log4j.appender.File.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.File.layout.ConversionPattern =[%p] [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH\:mm\:ss}][%c]%m%n
弹簧mvc.xml如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--配置文件主要是: 自动扫描控制器,视图模式,注解的启动这三个-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
<!--1. 自动扫描该包,使SpringMVC认为包下用了@controller注解的类是控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.wego.controller"/>
<!-- 扩充了注解驱动,可以将请求参数绑定到控制器参数 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 启动SpringMVC的注解功能,完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">
</bean>
<!-- 定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ,视图模式配置-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 这里的配置我的理解是自动给后面action的方法return的字符串加上前缀和后缀,变成一个 可用的url地址 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
新建实体类:User
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName == null ? null : userName.trim();
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password == null ? null : password.trim();
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", password="
+ password + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
新建控制器,UserController中的文件如下:
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
// /user/**
public class UserController {
private static Logger log=LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);
// /user/test?id=1
@RequestMapping(value="/test",method=RequestMethod.GET)
//@ResponseBody
public String test(HttpServletRequest request,Model model){
int userId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
System.out.println("userId:"+userId);
User user=null;
if (userId==1) {
user = new User();
user.setAge(11);
user.setId(1);
user.setPassword("123");
user.setUserName("javen");
}
log.debug(user.toString());
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "index";
}
}
写成@RestController,则在页面返回的是字符串索引
写成@Controller,则会返回index.jsp的页面,并显示页面内容
2.修改<mvc:annotation-driven>,并增加消息转换器配置<mvc:message-converters/>如下:
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<!-- @ResponseBody乱码问题,将StringHttpMessageConverter的默认编码设为UTF-8 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Fastjson支持 -->
<bean class="com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="charset" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/json</value>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="features">
<list>
<value>WriteMapNullValue</value>
<value>QuoteFieldNames</value>
<value>WriteDateUseDateFormat</value>
<value>WriteEnumUsingToString</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
在修改controller中的代码,以返回json字符串:(将string换成User,将return " "换成return user)
运行截图:
解释:
请求和响应都有对应的body,
请求体和响应体都是需要配合Content-Type头部使用的,这个头部主要用于说明body中得字符串是什么格式的,比如:text,json,xml等。对于请求报文,只有通过此头部,服务器才能知道怎么解析请求体中的字符串,对于响应报文,浏览器通过此头部才知道应该怎么渲染响应结果,是直接打印字符串还是根据代码渲染为一个网页。
对于HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse,可以分别调用getInputStream和getOutputStream来直接获取body。但是获取到的仅仅只是一段字符串,而对于java来说,处理一个对象肯定比处理一个字符串要方便得多,也好理解得多。所以根据Content-Type头部,将body字符串转换为java对象是常有的事。反过来,根据Accept头部,将java对象转换客户端期望格式的字符串也是必不可少的工作。而springMVC为我们提供了一系列默认的消息转换器对于消息转换器的调用,都是在RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor类中完成的。它实现了HandlerMethodArgumentResolver和HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler两个接口,分别实现了处理参数和处理返回值的方法。而要动用这些消息转换器,需要在特定的位置加上@RequestBody和@ResponseBody。