Sql Server 笔记

库结构操作

查询库里所有的数据表：
select * from sys.tables;
select * from sysobjects where type=‘u’;

创建数据库
use master --指向或者切换操作的数据库
go
create database test
on primary --主文件组
(
name=‘test_data’, --逻辑文件名
filename=‘d:\sqlserver\test_data.mdf’, --物理文件名
size=10mb, --初始大小
maxsize=100mb, --最大容量
filegrowth=15% --每次的增加率
)
log on
(
name=‘test_log’,
filename=‘d:\sqlserver\test_data.ldf’,
size=10mb,
maxsize=100mb,
filegrowth=2mb
)
go

删除数据库：drop database ‘databaseName’;
切换数据库：use ‘databaseName’;
修改数据库名字：alter database ‘old name’ modify name=‘new name’;
添加辅助文件：alter database name add file（与创建时on primary内的括号内容一致）;
添加日志文件：alter database name add log file（与创建时log on内的括号内容一致）;

表结构基础操作

1、查看表结构信息
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where TABLE_NAME=‘表名’;

SELECT CASE WHEN col.colorder = 1 THEN obj.name
ELSE ‘’
END AS 表名,
col.colorder AS 序号 ,
col.name AS 列名 ,
ISNULL(ep.[value], ‘’) AS 列说明 ,
t.name AS 数据类型 ,
col.length AS 长度 ,
ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, ‘Scale’), 0) AS 小数位数 ,
CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(col.id, col.name, ‘IsIdentity’) = 1 THEN ‘√’
ELSE ‘’
END AS 标识 ,
CASE WHEN EXISTS ( SELECT 1
FROM dbo.sysindexes si
INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id
AND si.indid = sik.indid
INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id
AND sc.colid = sik.colid
INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name
AND so.xtype = ‘PK’
WHERE sc.id = col.id
AND sc.colid = col.colid ) THEN ‘√’
ELSE ‘’
END AS 主键 ,
CASE WHEN col.isnullable = 1 THEN ‘√’
ELSE ‘’
END AS 允许空 ,
ISNULL(comm.text, ‘’) AS 默认值
FROM dbo.syscolumns col
LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes t ON col.xtype = t.xusertype
inner JOIN dbo.sysobjects obj ON col.id = obj.id
AND obj.xtype = ‘U’
AND obj.status >= 0
LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments comm ON col.cdefault = comm.id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties ep ON col.id = ep.major_id
AND col.colid = ep.minor_id
AND ep.name = ‘MS_Description’
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties epTwo ON obj.id = epTwo.major_id
AND epTwo.minor_id = 0
AND epTwo.name = ‘MS_Description’
WHERE obj.name = ‘BOM_BAK_CHANGE_DETAIL’–表名
ORDER BY col.colorder ;

表数据进阶操作

1、Top 获取查询出来结果的前X条数据
select top 10 * from table_name;