python异常处理语法

目录

raise 抛出异常：

用户自定义异常 

 try语句总结

 断言异常

---

• raise 抛出异常：

源代码：

mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$ cat try.py
import os
try:
    raise OSError('os.mkdir(new)')             # 人为抛出异常
except OSError as e:
    print("Oops! That was no valid number:Try again")
    os.mkdir('new')
    print("\n*******{}".format(e))
    print("######")
    raise

运行结果：

mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$ python try.py
Oops! That was no valid number:Try again

*******os.mkdir(new)                      # 输出的 e 就是 raise后 OSError中的字符串
######
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "try.py", line 3, in <module>
    raise OSError('os.mkdir(new)')
OSError: os.mkdir(new)                 # 继续抛出异常 之后的代码不做处理

 

• 用户自定义异常 

下列代码类B 表示自定义异常 继承类Exception的属性：

mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$ cat try2.py
class B(Exception):
    pass

class C(B):
    pass

class D(C):
    pass

for cls in [B, C, D]:
    try:
        raise cls()
    except D:
        print("D")
    except C:
        print("C")
    except B:
        print("B")
mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$ python try2.py
B
C
D

class B(Exception):
    pass

class C(B):
    pass

class D(C):
    pass

for cls in [B, C, D]:
    try:
        raise cls()
    except B:
        print("B")
    except C:
        print("C")
    except D:
        print("D")
mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$ python try2.py
B
B
B

class Error(Exception):
    pass

class InputError(Error):
    def __init__(self, expression, message):
        self.expression = expression
        self.message = message

try:
    raise InputError('###1error###','abc')

except InputError as e:
    print(e.expression)
    print("$$$$$$$$$$$$")
except Error:
    print("B")
mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$ python try.py
###1error###
$$$$$$$$$$$$
mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$

 

class Error(Exception):
    pass

class InputError(Error):
    def __init__(self, expression, message):
        self.expression = expression
        self.message = message

try:
    raise InputError('###1error###','abc')
except Error:
    print("B")
except InputError as e:
    print(e.expression)
    print("$$$$$$$$$$$$")

mts@DESKTOP-MTS:~/document/python$ python try.py
B

自定义异常的参数 instance.args 

>>> class Error(Exception):
...     pass
...
>>> try:
...     raise Error('abc','def','gh')
... except Error as e:
...     print(e.args)
...
('abc', 'def', 'gh')
>>>

 try语句总结

try:
    A
except ErrorName:
    B
else:
    C
finally:
    D

执行A的话必然执行C和D
执行B的话必然执行D
不管怎样用必然执行D

•  断言异常

assert  1==2，12   

等价于 

if  not 1==2:

    raise AssertionError('12')

--------例如一下代码---------------------

>>> assert 1==2, 12

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AssertionError: 12


>>> if not 1==2:
...     raise AssertionError(12)
...

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
AssertionError: 12