python encode和decode问题（gbk与utf-8）

结论：中文只能用gbk和utf-8编码，用什么编的码就用什么来解码；gbk每个汉字对应两个字节，utf-8对应三个字节

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #结论：中文只能用gbk和utf-8编码，用什么编的码就用什么来解码；gbk每个汉字对应两个字节，utf-8对应三个字节
    #一、当文本是中文
    u = '中文'
    #失败UnicodeEncodeError: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position 0-1: ordinal not in range(256)
    #str1 = u.encode("ISO-8859-1")

    str1 = u.encode("gbk")
    print(str1)
    #1、成功b'\xd6\xd0\xce\xc4'
    str2 = str1.decode("gbk")
    #2、失败UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xd6 in position 0: invalid continuation byte
    #str2 = str1.decode("utf-8")
    #3、乱码ÖÐÎÄ
    #str2 = str1.decode("ISO-8859-1")
    print(str2)

    str1 = u.encode("utf-8")
    print(str1)
    #1、成功b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87'
    str2 = str1.decode("utf-8")
    #2、失败UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xad in position 2: illegal multibyte sequence
    #str2 = str1.decode("gbk")
    #3、乱码中文
    #str2 = str1.decode("ISO-8859-1")
    print(str2)
    
	#二、当文本是字母
    u = 'a'
    #成功b'a'
    str1 = u.encode("ISO-8859-1")
    print(str1)
    #三种均可解码
    str2 = str1.decode("ISO-8859-1")
    print(str2)
    str3 = str1.decode("gbk")
    print(str2)
    str4 = str1.decode("utf-8")
    print(str2)