详述反射中构造方法、成员变量、普通方法的获取问题、获取信息、使用问题

Ⅰ、获取构造方法

一、权限是public

（1）Constructor[] getConstructors()：不含继承

public class Student {
    public Student(){
    }
    public Student(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        try {
            Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
            for (Constructor constructor:constructors) {
                System.out.println(constructor.getName());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
	}
}

结果为：

Student
Student

（2）Constructor getConstrutor(Class<?>… parameterTypes)：不含继承
如果是基本数据类型，则parameterType应为基本数据类型包装类.TYPE
如果是基本数据类型包装类，则parameterType应为基本数据类型包装类.class
parameterType返回一个该class对象clazz表示类中声明的构造方法所对应constructor对象数组

public class Student {
    public Student(){
    }
    public Student(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
}

public class Test{
	public static void main(String [] args){
		Class clazz = Student.class;
        try {
            Constructor constructor = clazz.getConstructor();
            System.out.println(constructor.getName());
            constructor = clazz.getConstructor(String.class);
            System.out.println(constructor.getName());
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
	}
}

结果是

Student
Student

二、不区分访问权限

（1）Constructor[] getDeclaredConstructors()：

public class Student {
    private Student(){
    }
    private Student(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        try {
            Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
            for (Constructor constructor:constructors) {
                System.out.println(constructor.getName());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

结果是：

Student
Student

（2）Constructor getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>… parameterTypes)
权限改成private

public class Student {
    private Student(){
    }
    private Student(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
}

Constructor getConstrutor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)：
 try {
            Constructor constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
            System.out.println(constructor.getName());
            constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
            System.out.println(constructor.getName());
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
}

结果是
```java
Student
Student

Ⅱ、获取构造方法信息

public class Student {
    private static String name;
    private Student(){
    }
    private Student(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }
    public void doHomework(){
        System.out.println("正在做作业");
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        try {
            Constructor constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);
            clazz = constructor.getDeclaringClass();//1.获得类名
            System.out.println(clazz.getName());
            int mod = clazz.getModifiers();//2.获得修饰符
            String res = Modifier.toString(mod);
            System.out.println(res);
            System.out.println(constructor.getName());//3.获得构造方法名
            Class [] css = constructor.getParameterTypes();//4.获得参数列表数组（String.class）
            for (Class cs:css){
                System.out.println(cs.getName());
            }
            constructor.setAccessible(true);
            Object object = constructor.newInstance("Tom");
            Student stu = (Student) object;
            stu.doHomework();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
	}
}

结果：

Student
public
Student
java.lang.String
正在做作业

III、获取普通方法

（1）getMethods()：含继承

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
        for (Method method:
             methods) {
            System.out.println(method.getName());
        }
    }
}

结果包含父类Object的方法

doHomework
wait
wait
wait
equals
toString
hashCode
getClass
notify
notifyAll

（2）getDeclaredMethods()：不含继承

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
        for (Method method:
                methods) {
            System.out.println(method.getName());
        }
    }
}

结果只有本类显式声明的方法：

doHomework

IV、获取普通方法信息

public class Student {
    public static String name;
    public Student(){
    }
    public Student(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }
    private static int doHomework(int age, String [] name){
        System.out.println("正在做作业");
        return 1;
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        try {
            Method method = clazz.getMethod("doHomework",Integer.TYPE,String [].class);
            System.out.println(method.getDeclaringClass());//1、获取类名
            System.out.println(Modifier.toString(method.getModifiers()));//2、获取修饰符
            System.out.println(method.getReturnType());//3、获取返回值类型
            Class[] clazzs = method.getParameterTypes();//4、获取参数类型对应Class类对象的数组
            for (Class zz:
                    clazzs) {
                System.out.println(zz.getName());
            }
            method.setAccessible(true);//可以调用私有的普通方法了
            Object object = method.invoke(new Student(),1,"Jim");//第一个参数是对象，后几个是普通方法参数列表的几个参数
            System.out.println(object);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

结果：

class Student
public static
int
int
[Ljava.lang.String;
正在做作业
1

V、获取成员变量

一、权限是public

public class Student {
    public static String name;
    public Student(){
    }
    public Student(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        Field field = clazz.getField("name");
        System.out.println(field.getName());
    }
}

结果：

name

二、不区分访问权限

public class Student {
    private static String name;
    public Student(){
    }
    public Student(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }
}

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Class clazz = Student.class;
        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
        //getDeclaringClass() 接口或类
		clazz = field.getDeclaringClass();
		System.out.println(clazz.getName());
		
		//getModifiers() 修饰符
		int mod = field.getModifiers();
		System.out.println(Modifier.toString(mod));
		
		//getType() 数据类型
		clazz = field.getType();
		System.out.println(clazz.getName());
		
		//getGenericType() 声明类型
		Type type = field.getGenericType();
		System.out.println(type);
		
		//getName() 属性名
		System.out.println(field.getName());
        field.setAccessible(true);
        
        //赋值
        Student student = new Student();
        field.set(student,"110");
        Object object = field.get(student);
        System.out.println(object);
    }
}

结果为

Student
private static
java.lang.String
class java.lang.String
name
110