java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: writing android.support.v4.content.FileProvider uri

java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: writing android.support.v4.content.FileProvider uri content://com.tianshaokai.demo.fileprovider/camera_photos/temp/1480414713257.jpg from pid=23075, uid=10041 requires the provider be exported, or grantUriPermission()

我目前的思路和做法：

1、使用FileProvider兼容Android N及其以上版本

2、用一个文件来保存拍照以及剪裁的图片

步骤：

1、在AndroidManifest.xml中申明FileProvider

<provider
    android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="包名.fileprovider"
    android:exported="false"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/filepaths" />
    </provider>

2、在res下创建xml目录，并创建filepaths.xml，其内容如下：

<paths>
    <external-path
        name="my_images"
        path="Android/data/包名/files/header/" />
</paths>

注：用该路径保存的好处是，文件会随着应用的卸载而删除,file/header/为自定义路径

3、调用处需要处理外部存储权限（由于使用系统的拍照，所以不需要提供相机权限）

int permission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
if (permission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, PERMISSION_HEAD);
} else {
    //调用拍照或者从相册选取
}

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case PERMISSION_HEAD:
        if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            //调用拍照或者从相册选取
        } else {
            //提示："要使用该功能，必须允许或者在应用访问授权中打开存储空间权限"
        }
        break;
        default:
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        }
    }

4、URI处理，路径已经在filepath.xml中申明好了，需要定义个文件名来保存图片（save.jpg）

private Uri getUri() {
    File path = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "Android/data/包名/files/header");
    if (!path.exists()) {
        path.mkdirs();
    }
    File file = new File(path, "save.jpg");
    //由于一些Android 7.0以下版本的手机在剪裁保存到URI会有问题，所以根据版本处理下兼容性
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
        return FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, "com.maidouvr.fileprovider", file);
    } else {
        return Uri.fromFile(file);
    }
}

5、拍照处理

Uri uri = getUri();
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);

//将存储图片的uri读写权限授权给相机应用
List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList = getActivity().getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
    String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
    getActivity().grantUriPermission(packageName, uri , Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
}
startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "选择拍照工具"), 1001);

6、剪裁处理

Uri uri = getUri();
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);

intent.setDataAndType(uri , "image/*");
intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);
intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);
intent.putExtra("outputX", 500);
intent.putExtra("outputY", 500);
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, getUri());
intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());
intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);

//将存储图片的uri读写权限授权给剪裁工具应用
List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList = getActivity().getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
    String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
    getActivity().grantUriPermission(packageName, uri, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
}
startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, "选择剪裁工具"), 1002);