Python基础学习笔记第二章&第三章——列表&操作列表及for循环

一、列表:用方括号表示列表,并用逗号分隔里面的元素

1. 定义

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(bicycles)

#输出为['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', ‘specialized’ ]                                                                                                          

2. 索引:丛0而不是丛1开始;索引为-1则指向列表最后一个元素;索引为-2则指向倒数第二个元素;以此类推

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(bicycles[0].title())

#输出为Trek                                                                                                                    

3. 索引:丛0而不是丛1开始;索引为-1则指向列表最后一个元素;索引为-2则指向倒数第二个元素;以此类推

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles[0] = 'ducati'
print(bicycles) 

#输出为['ducati', 'cannondale', 'redline','specialized']                                                                                                                                                                                              

4. 在列表末尾添加元素.append()

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.append('ducati')
print(bicycles) 

#输出为['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'ducati']                                                                                            

5. 在列表中插入元素insert( , )

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.insert(1,'ducati')
print(bicycles) 

#输出为['trek', 'ducati', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']                                                                                          

6. 删除列表元素del:删除后无法再访问;.pop:删除列表末尾元素且可以接着使用(相当于将元素弹出来了);.remove():根据值删除元素

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
del bicycles[1]
print(bicycles)

#输出为['trek', 'redline', 'specialized']
                                                                                            
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.pop()
print(bicycles)

#输出为['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline']
                                                                                            
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.remove('redline')
print(bicycles)

#输出为['trek', 'cannondale', 'specialized']                                                                                            

7. 列表排序:方法.sort()永久排序;函数sorted()临时排序;反转列表中的顺序:方法.reverse()

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.sort()
print(bicycles)

#输出为['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'trek']
                                                                                            
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(sorted(bicycles))
print(bicycles)

#输出为['cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized', 'trek']                                                                                         
                                                                                                        ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
bicycles.reverse()
print(bicycles)

#输出为['specialized', 'redline', 'cannondale', 'trek']                                                                                            

8. 确定列表的长度:使用函数len()

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
print(len(bicycles))

#输出为4                                                                                             

二、操作列表及for循环

1. 遍历整个列表:for循环 注:冒号与缩进

bicycles = ['trek','cannondale','redline','specialized']
for bicycle in bicycles:
print(bicycle)

#输出为trek
#cannondale
#redline
#specialized