Python基础学习笔记第五章—

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41116319/article/details/125135767

文章目录

一、字典
二、例2

一、字典

1. 字典的输出:一系列键值对，每个键都与一个值相关联，可以用键来访问相关联的值

alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}
print(alien_0['color'])
print(alien_0['points'])   
#输出green
#5

2. 访问字典中的值

alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}
new_points = alien_0['points']
print(f"You earened {new_points} points!")
#输出You earened 5 points!

3. 添加键值对

alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}
alien_0['x_position'] = 0
alien_0['y_position'] = 25
print (alien_0)
#输出为{'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'x_position': 0, #'y_position': 25}

4. 创建一个空字典，修改字典中的值，删除键值对再创建一个字典

alien_0 = {}
alien_0['color'] = 'green'
alien_0['points'] = 5
print(alien_0)
#输出为{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}
         #修改字典中的值
                                                                                                                    
alien_0['color'] = 'yellow'
print(alien_0)
#输出为{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}   
#{'color': 'yellow', 'points': 5}
         #删除键值对 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
del alien_0['points']
print(alien_0)
#输出为{'color': 'yellow'}

5. 修改字典的例子

alien_0 = {'x_position': 0,'y_position': 25, 'speed':'medium'}
print(f"Original position: {alien_0['x_position']}")
if alien_0['speed'] == 'slow':  
#注：是两个等号                                                        
    x_increment = 1
elif alien_0['speed'] == 'medium':
    x_increment = 2
else:
    x_increment = 3
alien_0['x_position'] = alien_0['x_position'] + x_increment
print(f"New position: {alien_0['x_position']}")
#输出Original position: 0
#New position: 2

二、例2

favorite_languages = {'cysta':'matlab','dong_yan_song':'python','gao_yuan':'python'}
language = favorite_languages['cysta'].title()
print(f"Cysta's favorite language is {language}.")
#输出Cysta's favorite language is Matlab.

7. 使用get()来访问值

alien = {'color':'green','speed':'slow'}
point_value = alien.get('points','No point value assigned.')
print(point_value)
#输出No point value assigned.

8. 遍历所有键值对(key value)

user_0 = {'username':'efermi','first':'enrico','last':'fermi',}
for key,value in user_0.items():                                                      注：方法items()返回键值对列表
   print(f"\nKey:{key}")
   print(f"Value:{value}")
#输出Key:username
#Value:efermi
#Key:first 
#Value:enrico 
#Key:last   
#Value:ferm

9. 遍历字典中的所有键

favorite_languages = {'cysta':'matlab','dong_yan_song':'python','gao_yuan':'python'}
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
    print(name.title())
#输出Cysta
#Dong_Yan_Song
#Gao_Yuan

#按顺序历遍字典中的所有键：sorted()
favorite_languages = {'dong_yan_song':'python','gao_yuan':'python','cysta':'matlab'}
for name in sorted(favorite_languages.keys()):
    print(name.title())
#输出Cysta
#Dong_Yan_Song
#Gao_Yuan

10. 遍历字典中的所有值

favorite_languages = {'cysta':'matlab','dong_yan_song':'python','gao_yuan':'python'}
for name in favorite_languages.values():
    print(name.title())
#输出Matlab
#Python                                                                                                                       
#Python                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              
#剔除重复的值:set()
favorite_languages = {'cysta':'matlab','dong_yan_song':'python','gao_yuan':'python'}
for name in set(favorite_languages.values()):
    print(name.title())
#输出Python                                                                                                                      
#Matlab                                                                                                                             
#注：集合和字典很容易混淆，因为他们都是用一对花括号定义的：当花括号内没有键值对时，定义的很有可能是集合。

11. 字典列表

alien_0 = {'color': 'green','points': 5}
alien_1 = {'color': 'yellow','points': 10}
alien_2 = {'color': 'red','points': 15}
aliens = [alien_0,alien_1,alien_2]
for alien in aliens:
    print(alien)
#输出{'color': 'green', 'points': 5}                                                                                                                      
#{'color': 'yellow', 'points': 10}                                                                                                                             
#{'color': 'red', 'points': 15}