IO流

流的概念

说白了就一句话---------------->对文件的读取和写入的操作。

输入流：

以内存为主体，数据到内存的过程叫做读操作（内存在读read）称为输入流（有东西要进来了input）

输出流：

以内存为主体，数据到文件的过程叫做写操作（内存在写东西write）称为输出流（有东西要出去了output）

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字符流---需要对除了英文之外的文字操作的流

字节流---对以字节单位存储的数据文件操作的流

话不多说多敲代码

-----FileInputStream，FileOutputStream-----

字节流：

public class DemoFileInputStream {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //声明一个流
        FileInputStream in = null;
        FileOutputStream out = null;

        //初始化流要捕获异常
        try {
            in = new FileInputStream("src/cp.jpg");//相对路径项目下的文件
            out = new FileOutputStream("cp1.jpg");
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024 * 4];
            int len = -1;
            while ((len = in.read(buf))!=-1) {//读操作
                out.write(buf,0,len);//写操作
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (in!=null) in.close();
                if (out!=null) out.close();
                System.out.println("复制成功");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }
}

-----FileReader，FileWriter-----

字符流（文件里面写了好多文字）

public class DemoFileReader {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {//不建议直接抛出异常（为了偷懒）上文的抛异常的方式比较正规请大家按照上文的格式写...........
        FileReader read = new FileReader("src/给女朋友的检讨.txt");
        FileWriter write = new FileWriter("检讨.txt");
        try {
            char[] c = new char[1024 * 4];
            int data = -1;
            while ((data = read.read(c)) != -1) {
                write.write(c,0,data);
                write.flush();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (read != null) read.close();
            if (write != null) write.close();
            System.out.println("复制成功");

        }

    }

}

如果遇到编码与你的idea设置的编码格式不一样的话你得使用转化流InputStreamReader，OutputStreamWriter

-----InputStreamReader，OutputStreamWriter-----

小案例：实现字符文件的复制指定编码方式

public class DemoZhuanHuaLiu {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("检讨.txt");
        InputStreamReader read = new InputStreamReader(in,"Utf-8");
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("F:\\liutest\\检讨.txt");
        OutputStreamWriter write = new OutputStreamWriter(out, "GBK");
        try {
            char[] c = new char[1024 * 4];
            int len = 0;
            while ((len = read.read(c)) != -1) {
                System.out.println(new String(c,0,len));
                write.write(c, 0, len);
                write.flush();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            write.close();
            read.close();
            System.out.println("转码完成");
        }

    }
}

高效输入输出缓冲流（这个流效率更高，方法更实用，同样分有字符流和字节流）

-----BufferedInputStream,BufferedOutputStream-----

字节流

public class DemoBufferedStream {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("hello.txt",true));
       BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("hello.txt",true));

        BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("hello.txt"));
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
                out.write("hello world,hello java\r\n".getBytes());
                out.flush();
            }
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len = -1;
            while ((len = in.read(buf)) != -1) {
                System.out.print(new String(buf, 0, len));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            in.close();
            out.close();
        }
    }
}

-----BufferedRead,BufferedWriter-----

字符流

public class DemoBufferReader {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        BufferedWriter write = new BufferedWriter( new FileWriter("程序员的自我修养.txt"));
        BufferedReader read = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("程序员的自我修养.txt"));
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                write.write("好好学JAVA，天天找对象");
                write.newLine();
                write.flush();
            }
            String line = "";
            while ((line = read.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            read.close();
            write.close();
        }
    }
}

对象流（用来对对象的操作的流）

 

public class Student implements Serializable {//实现这个接口进行序列化
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -49244194852343058L;
    private String sNo;
    private String name;
    private int grade;
    public void show(){
        System.out.println("我是" + name);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "sNo='" + sNo + '\'' +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", grade=" + grade +
                '}';
    }

    public static long getSerialVersionUID() {
        return serialVersionUID;
    }

    public String getsNo() {
        return sNo;
    }

    public void setsNo(String sNo) {
        this.sNo = sNo;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getGrade() {
        return grade;
    }

    public void setGrade(int grade) {
        this.grade = grade;
    }

    public Student(String sNo, String name, int grade) {
        this.sNo = sNo;
        this.name = name;
        this.grade = grade;
    }
}

 

public class Demo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("student.txt"));
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("student.txt"));
        try {
            Student s = new Student("s112", "小样", 18);
            Student s1 = new Student("s122", "大样", 28);
            ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
            list.add(s);
            list.add(s1);
            oos.writeObject(list);
            oos.flush();
            Object o = ois.readObject();
            ArrayList<Student> list1 = (ArrayList<Student>) o;
            list1.forEach(n->n.show());


        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            oos.close();
            ois.close();
        }
    }
}

内存流

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //给定一个大写的字符串将其转化成小写
        String s = "HELLO";
        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes());
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int data = -1;
        while ((data = bis.read()) != -1) {
            char c = (char) data;
            bos.write(Character.toLowerCase(c));
        }
        String string = bos.toString();
        System.out.println(string);
        bis.close();
        bos.close();
    }
}

打印流

public class DemoPrintStream {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter("test.txt");
        PrintStream ps = new PrintStream("test.txt");
        ps.print("你好啊");
        ps.write(97);//a
        ps.print(97);//97
       /* pw.write(98);//b
        pw.write(98);//b
        pw.print(98);//98
        pw.print(98);*///98         同时使用会覆盖
        ps.flush();
        ps.close();
        pw.flush();
        pw.close();
    }
}


---------------------------------------------------------



public class Demo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        PrintStream pw = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream("xuhaohao.txt"));//PrintWrite不可以
        System.setOut(pw);//重定向
        System.out.println("世界你好啊");
        pw.close();
    }
}

RandomAccessFile类

public class RandomAccessFileDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("file.txt","rw");//设置为可读和写操作
        //写入数据
        file.writeUTF("你好，中国");
        file.writeBoolean(true);//占一个字节
        file.writeDouble(3.14159);//占八个字节
        file.writeInt(12346);
        file.seek(0);//把文件指针设置到文件的0号位置(读之前一定要置零)
        System.out.println("----------读文件----------");
        System.out.println(file.readUTF());
        System.out.println(file.readBoolean());
        file.skipBytes(8);//跳过八个字节读取
        System.out.println(file.readInt());
        //实现文件的复制
        RandomAccessFile file2 = new RandomAccessFile("file2.txt","rw");
        byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) file.length()];
        file.seek(0);//记得要置零
        file.readFully(bytes);
        file2.write(bytes);
        System.out.println("复制成功");



    }
}