Python的GUI设计简单功能实践
根据要用的功能进行导包操作
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox
import random
import json
import time
import os好了，开始设计窗口属性与变化
window=tk.Tk()
#设置窗口属性
window.title("登陆验证")
window.iconbitmap("images\\title.ico")
window.geometry("500x400+500+200")
canvas=tk.Canvas(window,width="400",height="150",bg="green")
#引入图片
images_file=tk.PhotoImage(file="images\\head.gif")
images = canvas.create_image(200, 0, anchor='n', image=images_file)
canvas.pack(side="top")
#欢迎介绍
tk.Label(window, text='WELCOME',font=('Arial', 16)).pack()
#登陆验证
tk.Label(window, text='Username:', font=('Arial', 14)).place(x=10, y=195)
tk.Label(window, text='Password:', font=('Arial', 14)).place(x=10, y=235)
#用户登陆输入框
# 用户名
entry_name = tk.Entry(window,width="30",font=('Arial', 12))
entry_name.place(x=120,y=195)
# 用户密码
entry_pwd = tk.Entry(window,width="30",font=('Arial', 12), show='*')
entry_pwd.place(x=120,y=235)
# login and sign up 按钮
btn_login = tk.Button(window, text='Login', command=login)
btn_login.place(x=150, y=280)
btn_sign_up = tk.Button(window, text='Sign up', command=sign_up)
btn_sign_up.place(x=220, y=280
#循环显示窗口
window.mainloop()这大致的框架就这样做好了，现在考虑按钮的实现方法了，登录就对文件进行操作，这里的文件写入写出可以不用json用pickle，但是我要修改数据就用pickle了，我们可以在未注册直接登录的时候预先加入易得admin账号密码，还要加上各种判断。对于注册就要个弹窗直接获取写入就行了
def sign_up():
def sign_to():
#获取注册窗口的注册信息
new_name=entry_new_name.get()
new_pwd=entry_pwd.get()
new_pwd_confirm=entry_pwd_confirm.get()
with open('info', 'r') as fd1:
usr_info = json.load(fd1)
if new_pwd != new_pwd_confirm:
tkinter.messagebox.showerror('Error', '密码不一致，请重新输入')
# 如果用户名已经在我们的数据文件中，则提示Error, The user has already signed up!
elif new_name in usr_info:
tkinter.messagebox.showerror('Error', '该用户已经存在了')
else:
#没有谱之后可以写入文件
usr_info[new_name] = [new_pwd,1000]
with open('info', 'w') as fd1:
json.dump(usr_info, fd1)
tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('Welcome', '你已经注册成功了')
# 然后销毁窗口。
window_sign_up.destroy()
# 定义长在窗口上的窗口
window_sign_up = tk.Toplevel(window)
window_sign_up.geometry('300x200+580+250')
window_sign_up.title('注册')
tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Username: ').place(x=10, y=10) # 将`User name:`放置在坐标（10,10）。
entry_new_name = tk.Entry(window_sign_up)
entry_new_name.place(x=130, y=10) # `entry`放置在坐标（130,10）.
tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Password: ').place(x=10, y=50)
entry_pwd = tk.Entry(window_sign_up,show='*')
entry_pwd.place(x=130, y=50)
tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Confirm password: ').place(x=10, y=90)
entry_pwd_confirm = tk.Entry(window_sign_up,show='*')
entry_pwd_confirm.place(x=130, y=90)
# 注册按钮
btn_comfirm_sign_up = tk.Button(window_sign_up, text='Sign up', command=sign_to)
btn_comfirm_sign_up.place(x=180, y=120)现后可以进行登录，另外加两个游戏猜猜猜
#登陆注册的方法
def login():
# 这两行代码就是获取用户输入的usr_name和usr_pwd
usr_name = entry_name.get()
usr_pwd = entry_pwd.get()
try:
with open('info', 'r') as f:
usrs_info = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
# 这里就是我们在没有读取到``的时候，程序会创建一个``这个文件，并将管理员
# 的用户和密码写入，即用户名为`admin`密码为`admin`。
with open('info', 'w') as f:
usrs_info = {"admin": ["admin",1000]}
json.dump(usrs_info, f)
f.close() # 必须先关闭，否则json.load()会出现EOFError: Ran out of input
def finger_guess():
# 定义长在窗口上的窗口游戏
window_sign_up_g1 = tk.Toplevel(window)
window_sign_up_g1.geometry('350x200+580+250')
window_sign_up_g1.title('猜拳')
#定义随时变量
usrs_info_change=1000
tk.Label(window_sign_up_g1,text='输出信息', font=('Arial', 10)).place(x=120, y=5)
g1_message_1 = tk.StringVar()
g1_message_1.set('输入赌注，开始你的出招')
g1_0 = tk.Entry(window_sign_up_g1,textvariable=g1_message_1,width=45)
g1_0.place(x=20, y=30)
tk.Label(window_sign_up_g1, text='赌注:', font=('Arial', 10)).place(x=20, y=90)
g1_1 = tk.Entry(window_sign_up_g1,width="20")
g1_1.place(x=50, y=90)
def button_click(value,money):
ls = ["石头", "剪刀", "布"]
computer = random.choice(ls)
try:
stake= int(g1_1.get())
if stake > money:
tkinter.messagebox.showerror('Error', '你没有那么多钱！')
return
if ls[value] == computer:
g1_message_1.set("你和电脑出的都是{}".format(computer))
elif ls[value] == "石头":
if computer == "剪刀":
money += stake
g1_message_1.set("你出的是石头，电脑出的剪刀，你赢了！金币：%s" % (money))
else:
money -= stake
g1_message_1.set("你出的是石头，电脑出的布，你输了！金币：%s" % (money))
if money <= 0:
g1_message_1.set("你已经输光了，充点钱再来吧")
time.sleep(2)
window_sign_up_g1.destroy()
elif ls[value] == "剪刀":
if computer == "石头":
money -= stake
g1_message_1.set("你出的是剪刀，电脑出的石头，你输了！金币：%s" % (money))
if money <= 0:
g1_message_1.set("你已经输光了，充点钱再来吧")
time.sleep(2)
window_sign_up_g1.destroy()
else:
money += stake
g1_message_1.set("你出的是剪刀，电脑出的布，你赢了！金币：%s" % (money))
elif ls[value] == "布":
if computer == "石头":
money += stake
g1_message_1.set("你出的是布，电脑出的石头，你赢了！金币：%s" % (money))
else:
money -= stake
g1_message_1.set("你出的是布，电脑出的剪刀，你输了！金币：%s" % (money))
if money <= 0:
g1_message_1.set("你已经输光了，充点钱再来吧")
time.sleep(2)
window_sign_up_g1.destroy()
except:
g1_message_1.set("未知的错误！")
#进行一次保留一次
with open("info.tap", mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as f2:
usrs_info_change=money
usrs_info[usr_name][1]=usrs_info_change
json.dump(usrs_info,f2)
os.remove("info")
os.rename("info.tap", "info"
btn_1 = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g1,text="石头",command=lambda : button_click(value=0,money=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_2 = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g1,text="剪子",command=lambda : button_click(value=1,money=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_3 = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g1,text="布",command=lambda : button_click(value=2,money=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_1.place(x=50,y=140)
btn_2.place(x=150, y=140)
btn_3.place(x=240, y=140)
def digit_guess():
# 定义长在窗口上的窗口游戏
window_sign_up_g2 = tk.Toplevel(window)
window_sign_up_g2.geometry('350x220+580+250')
window_sign_up_g2.title('猜数字')
# 定义随时变量
usrs_info_change_d = 1000
tk.Label(window_sign_up_g2, text='输出信息', font=('Arial', 10)).place(x=120, y=5)
g2_message_2 = tk.StringVar()
g2_message_2.set('输入赌注，开始你的出招')
g2_0 = tk.Entry(window_sign_up_g2, textvariable=g2_message_2, width=45)
g2_0.place(x=20, y=30)
tk.Label(window_sign_up_g2, text='赌注:', font=('Arial', 10)).place(x=20, y=90)
g2_2 = tk.Entry(window_sign_up_g2, width="20")
g2_2.place(x=50, y=90)
def button_click_d(value_d,money_d):
computer_d=random.randint(1,10)
try:
stake_d = int(g2_2.get())
if stake_d > money_d:
tkinter.messagebox.showerror('Error', '你没有那么多钱！')
return
if int(value_d)==computer_d:
g2_message_2.set("哈哈，你真厉害，你猜对了，就是{},金币+{}，还有{}".format(computer_d,stake_d*9,money_d))
money_d+=(stake_d*9)
else:
g2_message_2.set("真可惜，你猜错了，真正的是{}，金币-{}，还有{}".format(computer_d,stake_d,money_d))
money_d-=stake_d
if money_d<=0:
g2_message_2.set("你已经输光了，充点钱再来吧")
time.sleep(2)
window_sign_up_g2.destroy()
except:
g2_message_2.set("未知的错误！")
#进行一次保留一次
with open("info.tap", mode="w", encoding="utf-8") as f2_d:
usrs_info_change_d=money_d
usrs_info[usr_name][1]=usrs_info_change_d
json.dump(usrs_info,f2_d)
os.remove("info")
os.rename("info.tap", "info")
btn_1_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="1",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=0, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_2_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="2",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=1, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_3_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="3",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=2, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_4_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="4",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=3, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_5_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="5",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=4, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_6_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="6",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=5, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_7_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="7",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=6, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_8_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="8",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=7, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_9_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="9", command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=8, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_10_d = tk.Button(window_sign_up_g2, text="10",command=lambda: button_click_d(value_d=9, money_d=usrs_info[usr_name][1]))
btn_1_d.place(x=30, y=140)
btn_2_d.place(x=70, y=140)
btn_3_d.place(x=110, y=140)
btn_4_d.place(x=150, y=140)
btn_5_d.place(x=190, y=140)
btn_6_d.place(x=30, y=170)
btn_7_d.place(x=70, y=170)
btn_8_d.place(x=110, y=170)
btn_9_d.place(x=150, y=170)
btn_10_d.place(x=190, y=170)
# 如果用户名和密码与文件中的匹配成功，则会登录成功。
if usr_name in usrs_info:
if usr_pwd == usrs_info[usr_name][0]:
window_sign_up = tk.Toplevel(window)
window_sign_up.geometry('500x400+500+200')
window_sign_up.iconbitmap("images\\title.ico")
window_sign_up.title('开始游戏')
frame=ttk.Notebook(window_sign_up)
f1=ttk.Frame(frame,height=200,width=200)
tk.Label(f1, text='''简介内容，懒得写''').pack()
f2=ttk.Frame(frame, height=200, width=200)
tk.Label(f2, text='''简介内容，蓝底鞋''').pack()
frame.add(f1,text="猜拳")
frame.add(f2,text="猜数字")
frame.pack()
btn_guess_digit=tk.Button(window_sign_up,text="猜数字",command=digit_guess)
btn_guess_finger=tk.Button(window_sign_up, text="猜拳", command=finger_guess)
btn_guess_digit.place(x=250,y=300)
btn_guess_finger.place(x=150,y=300)
# 如果用户名匹配成功，而密码输入错误，则会弹出
else:
tkinter.messagebox.showerror('Error', '你的密码不正确请重新输入')
else: # 如果发现用户名不存在
is_sign_up = tkinter.messagebox.askyesno('Welcome', '你还没有注册呢，是否注册')
# 提示需不需要注册新用户
if is_sign_up:
sign_up()完成，基本功能都实现了，文件里的字典值存的列表，有密码和分数，其实可以在优化，背景图和图标可以找别的图片进行代替
图标：.ico格式
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