（三）C++基础 类与对象

一、目的和要求

1.了解面向对象设计的方法
2.熟练掌握类的定义与使用

二、具体内容

1.完成下列功能：
1)定义学生类，包含数据成员：学号(int)和成绩(int)。
2)定义班级类，包含数据成员：最高分、最低分、平均分、学生人数和学生构成的数组。
3)实现班级类成员函数GenerateStudentsList，用于生成n个学生的数组，学号按顺序1-n表示，成绩随机生成，范围0-100。
4)实现班级类成员函数FindMaxMinAvgScore，用于查找最高分、最低分，输出相应的学号和成绩，同时计算平均分。

#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <time.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
    Student ()
    {
        //to do  
    }
    Student (int number, int score)
    {
        this->number_ = number;
        this->score_ = score;
    }
    void set_number (int number)
    {
        this->number_ = number;
    }
    int get_number ()
    {
        return number_;
    }
    void set_score (int score)
    {
        this->score_ = score;
    }
    int get_score ()
    {
        return score_;
    }
    void Display ()//打印学号和成绩  
    {
        cout << "this student's id is " << this->number_ << " and score is " << this->score_ << endl;
    }
private:
    int number_;
    int score_;
};

class Classes
{
public:
    int total_numbers_; //学生总数  
    int max_score_; //最高分  
    int min_score_; //最低分  
    float avg_score_; //平均分  
    Student s1, s2;
    Classes () //构造函数  
    {
        total_numbers_ = 0;
    }
    Classes (int n) //构造函数，输入学生总人数  
    {
        cout << "the number of students is total " << n << endl;
        this->total_numbers_ = n;
    }
    ~Classes ()//析构函数，释放内存  
    {
        delete[] students_;
    }
    void Display () //显示最高分、最低分和平均分  
    {
        GenerateStudentsList ();
        FindMaxMinAvgScore ();
        cout << "Max Score : ";
        s1.Display ();
        cout << "Min Score : ";
        s2.Display ();
        cout << "Avg Score : " << avg_score_ << endl;
    }
private:
    Student* students_; //存放学生对象的数组指针  
    //generate_students 生成n个学生组成的数组，学号按顺序1~n表示，成绩为0~100随机数  
    void GenerateStudentsList ()
    {
        students_ = new Student[total_numbers_];
        for (int i = 0; i < total_numbers_; i++) {
            students_[i].set_number (0);
            students_[i].set_score (0);
        }
        srand (time (NULL));
        for (int i = 0; i < total_numbers_; i++)
        {
            students_[i].set_number (i + 1);
            students_[i].set_score (rand () % (100 - 0 + 1) + 0);
        }
    }
    //找出最高分、最低分的学生，输出学号和成绩，并计算平均分  
    void FindMaxMinAvgScore ()
    {
        int c = 0;
        avg_score_ = 0;
        max_score_ = students_[0].get_score ();
        min_score_ = students_[0].get_score ();
        for (int i = 0; i < total_numbers_; i++)
        {
            c += students_[i].get_score ();
            if (max_score_ < students_[i].get_score ()) {
                max_score_ = students_[i].get_score ();
                s1 = students_[i];
            }
            if (min_score_ > students_[i].get_score ()) {
                min_score_ = students_[i].get_score ();
                s2 = students_[i];
            }
        }
        avg_score_ = c / total_numbers_;
    }
};
int main ()
{
    Classes classes (100);
    classes.Display ();
}

运行结果：