1. 要点
搜先用 HTML制作预览效果页面:
<body>
<form>
<strong>Fruits</strong><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="apple" value="8">
<label>apple (8 RMB)</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="banana" value="3">
<label>banana (3 RMB)</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="strawbery" value="12">
<label>strawbery (12 RMB)</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="watermelon" value="2">
<label>watermelon (2 RMB)</label><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="peach" value="6">
<label>peach (6 RMB)</label><br>
</form>
</body>
效果如下:
2. 创建水果数组
使用 JavaScript 创建水果数组,按价格排序:
关键:
- 使用数组存储水果,每种水果为包含
name
和price
属性的对象 - 使用
arr.sort(func)
排序
let fruits = [
{name: 'apple', price: 8},
{name: 'banana', price: 3},
{name: 'strawbery', price: 12},
{name: 'watermelon', price: 2},
{name: 'peach', price: 6},
];
// 按价格升序排列
fruits.sort(function(a, b) {
if (a.price > b.prive) return 1;
if (a.price < b.price) return -1;
return 0;
});
3. 使用 JavaScript 创建表单
关键点:
- 使用
document.createElement('xxx')
创建元素 - 使用
elem.append()
插入节点 - 使用
elem.innerHTML += ""
增加 HTML 代码
document.body.innerHTML += '<p>The following fruits are on sale:</p>'
let form = document.createElement('form');
document.body.append(form);
for (let fruit of fruits) {
let input = document.createElement('input');
input.type = 'checkbox';
input.name = fruit.name;
input.value = fruit.price;
form.append(input);
form.innerHTML += fruit.name + ' (' + fruit.price + 'RMB )<br>';
}
4. 计算总金额
关键:
- 通过
document.querySelector()
选择checked
的水果 - 增加一个结算的
button
,使用按钮的onclick
事件触发结算
let p = document.createElement('p');
let btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.innerHTML = 'OK';
document.body.append(btn);
document.body.append(p);
btn.onclick = function() {
let selected = document.querySelectorAll('input:checked');
let sum = 0;
for (let elem of selected) {
sum += Number(elem.value);
}
p.innerHTML = 'total = ' + sum;
}
当选择好需要购买的水果后,点击 OK
即可显示待付金额:
完整代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script>
let fruits = [
{name: 'apple', price: 8},
{name: 'banana', price: 3},
{name: 'strawbery', price: 12},
{name: 'watermelon', price: 2},
{name: 'peach', price: 6},
];
// 按价格升序排列
fruits.sort(function(a, b) {
if (a.price > b.prive) return 1;
if (a.price < b.price) return -1;
return 0;
});
document.body.innerHTML += '<p>The following fruits are on sale:</p>'
let form = document.createElement('form');
document.body.append(form);
for (let fruit of fruits) {
let input = document.createElement('input');
input.type = 'checkbox';
input.name = fruit.name;
input.value = fruit.price;
form.append(input);
form.innerHTML += fruit.name + ' (' + fruit.price + 'RMB )<br>';
}
let p = document.createElement('p');
let btn = document.createElement('button');
btn.innerHTML = 'OK';
document.body.append(btn);
document.body.append(p);
btn.onclick = function() {
let selected = document.querySelectorAll('input:checked');
let sum = 0;
for (let elem of selected) {
sum += Number(elem.value);
}
p.innerHTML = 'total = ' + sum;
}
</script>
</html>
通过以上学习,可以发现 DOM 的重要性,通过 DOM 我们可以很方便地控制 HTML,包括增加 / 删除 / 访问 和 修改元素。