ASP.NET网站开发--单层架构与三层架构区别，以及转换

1.三层架构

通常意义上的三层架构就是将整个业务应用划分为：表现层（UI）、业务逻辑层（BLL）、数据访问层（DAL）。

区分层次的目的即为了“高内聚，低耦合”的思想。(通俗地讲高内聚就是关系紧密联系，耦合就是每一层只处理本层的任务)

表现层（UI）：通俗讲就是展现给用户的界面，即用户在使用一个系统的时候的所见所得。

业务逻辑层（BLL）：针对具体问题的操作，也可以说是对数据层的操作，对数据业务逻辑处理。

数据访问层（DAL）：该层所做事务直接操作数据库，针对数据的增添、删除、修改、更新、查找等每层之间是一种垂直的关系。

2.我要举一个栗子

要实现的结果样式如下：

利用三层架构写的格式以及代码

DAL层（TruckTeamServer.cs）代码如下：

namespace DAL
{
    public  class TruckTeamServer
    {
        //显示到GridView中
        public DataTable getTruck()
        {
            string sql = @"SELECT [TeamID] ,[TeamName] ,[Leader] ,[Reamark] ,[CheckInTime]  ,[IsDelete] ,[AlterTime] FROM  [TruckTeam]";
            DataTable table = DAL.DBHelper.ExecQuery(sql);
            return table;
        }
        //执行查询操作
        public DataTable getTruckTeam(string TeamName, string Leader)
        {
            string sql = "SELECT [TeamID] ,[TeamName],[Leader]  ,[Reamark] ,[CheckInTime] ,[IsDelete]  ,[AlterTime] FROM [TruckTeam]";
            List<SqlParameter> paramList = new List<SqlParameter>();
            List<string> whereList = new List<string>();

            if (TeamName != "-1")
            {
                //sql += "and @TeamName=TeamName";
                whereList.Add("TeamName=@TeamName");
                paramList.Add(new SqlParameter("@TeamName", TeamName));
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Leader))
            {
                //sql += "and @Leader=Leader";
                whereList.Add("Leader=@Leader");
                paramList.Add(new SqlParameter("@Leader", Leader));
            }

            if (whereList.Count > 0)
            {
                sql = sql + " where " + string.Join(" and ", whereList.ToArray());
            }
            DataTable dt = DAL.DBHelper.ExecQuery(sql, paramList.ToArray());
            return dt;

        }
        //车队名字下拉框
        public DataTable getDteamName()
        {
            string sql = "SELECT [TeamName] FROM [TruckTeam]";
            DataTable table = DAL.DBHelper.ExecQuery(sql);
            return table;
        }
    }
}

BLL层（TruckTeamManage.cs）代码如下：

namespace BLL
{
    public class TruckTeamManage
    {
        //显示到GridView中
        public DataTable getTruck()
        {
            TruckTeamServer table = new TruckTeamServer();
            return table.getTruck();
        }
        //执行查询操作
        public DataTable getTruckTeam(string teamName,string leader)
        {
            TruckTeamServer table = new TruckTeamServer();
            return table.getTruckTeam(teamName, leader);
        }
        //车队名字下拉框
        public DataTable getDteamName()
        {
            TruckTeamServer table = new TruckTeamServer();
            return table.getDteamName();
        }
    }
}

UI层 代码如下：

namespace LoginUI
{
    public partial class TruckTeamQuery : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!IsPostBack)
            {
                BinDList();
                BinDteamName();
            }
        }

        //显示到GridView中
       public void BinDList() {
            TruckTeamManage table = new TruckTeamManage();
            GVTruckTeam.DataSource = table.getTruck();
            GVTruckTeam.DataBind(); 
                }

        //车队名字下拉框
        public void BinDteamName() {
            TruckTeamManage table = new TruckTeamManage();
            TeamNameList.DataSource = table.getDteamName();
            TeamNameList.DataTextField = "TeamName";
            TeamNameList.DataValueField = "TeamName";
            TeamNameList.DataBind();
            TeamNameList.Items.Insert(0, new ListItem("请选择", "-1"));
        }

        //执行查询操作
        protected void TeamMan_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string teamName = TeamNameList.SelectedValue;
            string leader = TxtTeamMan.Text;
            TruckTeamManage TruckTeamBll = new TruckTeamManage();
            GVTruckTeam.DataSource = TruckTeamBll.getTruckTeam(teamName, leader);
            GVTruckTeam.DataBind();
        }
    }
}

---

利用单层架构写的格式以及代码

因为是单层所以只有一页代码：

namespace LoginUI
{
    public partial class TruckTeamQuery : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
        protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!IsPostBack)
            {
                BinDList();
                BinDteamName();
            }
        }
        //显示到GridView中
        public void BinDList() {
            string sql = @"SELECT [TeamID] ,[TeamName] ,[Leader] ,[Reamark] ,[CheckInTime]  ,[IsDelete] ,[AlterTime] FROM  [TruckTeam]";
            DataTable table = DAL.DBHelper.ExecQuery(sql);
            GVTruckTeam.DataSource = table;
            GVTruckTeam.DataBind(); 
                }
        //车队名字的下拉框
        public void BinDteamName() {
            string sql = "SELECT [TeamName] FROM [TruckTeam]";
            DataTable table = DAL.DBHelper.ExecQuery(sql);
            TeamNameList.DataSource = table;
            TeamNameList.DataTextField = "TeamName";
            TeamNameList.DataValueField = "TeamName";
            TeamNameList.DataBind();
            TeamNameList.Items.Insert(0, new ListItem("请选择", "-1"));
        }
        //执行查询
        protected void TeamMan_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string sql = "SELECT [TeamID] ,[TeamName],[Leader]  ,[Reamark] ,[CheckInTime] ,[IsDelete]  ,[AlterTime] FROM [TruckTeam]";
            List<SqlParameter> paramList = new List<SqlParameter>();
            List<string> whereList = new List<string>();
            string teamName = TeamNameList.SelectedValue;
            string leader = TxtTeamMan.Text;
            if (teamName != "-1")
            {
                //sql += "and @TeamName=TeamName";
                whereList.Add("TeamName=@TeamName");
                paramList.Add(new SqlParameter("@TeamName", teamName));
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(leader))
            {
                //sql += "and @Leader=Leader";
                whereList.Add("Leader=@Leader");
                paramList.Add(new SqlParameter("@Leader", leader));
            }

            if (whereList.Count > 0)
            {
                sql = sql + " where " + string.Join(" and ", whereList.ToArray());
            }
            string str = string.Join(" and ", whereList.ToArray());
            DataTable dt = DAL.DBHelper.ExecQuery(sql, paramList.ToArray());
            GVTruckTeam.DataSource = dt;
            GVTruckTeam.DataBind();
        }
    }
}

小结：

三层结构是N层结构的一种，一般来说，层次之间是向下依赖的，下层代码未确定其接口（契约）前，上层代码是无法开

发的，下层代码接口（契约）的变化将使上层的代码一起变化。

优点： 分工明确，条理清晰，易于调试，而且具有可扩展性。

缺点： 增加成本。