设计模式——行为型模式_备忘录模式

1. 类图

2. 角色

• Memento：包含了要被恢复的对象的状态
• Originator：创建新的Memento；或者设置Memento中的状态
• CareTaker：记录Memento的历史状态

3. 代码

• Memento

  • public class Memento {
       private String state;
     
       public Memento(String state){
          this.state = state;
       }
     
       public String getState(){
          return state;
       }  
    }

• Originator

  • public class Originator {
       private String state;
     
       public void setState(String state){
          this.state = state;
       }
     
       public String getState(){
          return state;
       }
     
       public Memento saveStateToMemento(){
          return new Memento(state);
       }
     
       public void getStateFromMemento(Memento Memento){
          state = Memento.getState();
       }
    }

• CareTaker

  • import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
     
    public class CareTaker {
       private List<Memento> mementoList = new ArrayList<Memento>();
     
       public void add(Memento state){
          mementoList.add(state);
       }
     
       public Memento get(int index){
          return mementoList.get(index);
       }
    }

• 客户端调用

  • public class MementoPatternDemo {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
          Originator originator = new Originator();
          CareTaker careTaker = new CareTaker();
          originator.setState("State #1");
          originator.setState("State #2");
          careTaker.add(originator.saveStateToMemento());
          originator.setState("State #3");
          careTaker.add(originator.saveStateToMemento());
          originator.setState("State #4");
     
          System.out.println("Current State: " + originator.getState());    //Current State: State #4
          originator.getStateFromMemento(careTaker.get(0));
          System.out.println("First saved State: " + originator.getState());    //First saved State: State #2
          originator.getStateFromMemento(careTaker.get(1));
          System.out.println("Second saved State: " + originator.getState());    //Second saved State: State #3
       }
    }

4. 总结

优点

• 给用户提供了一种可以恢复状态的机制，可以使用户能够比较方便地回到某个历史的状态
• 实现了信息的封装，使得用户不需要关心状态的保存细节

缺点

• 消耗资源。如果类的成员变量过多，势必会占用比较大的资源，而且每一次保存都会消耗一定的内存