java基础之异常

###java异常总结构

###异常用法:
##无return关键字:
####1：try-catch结构

 try {
      System.out.println("before....");
      int i = 1 / 0;
      System.out.println("behind....");
 } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
 }
结果:
before
异常信息

try语句块中出现异常时，异常点后的代码全部不执行，直接跳转到catch进行异常类型匹配，异常类型匹配成功，执行catch代码块中的代码，反之不执行；全部匹配不成功，最终把异常交给JVM处理。
------------------------------------------------------------------
反编译上述代码：
	try
        {
            System.out.println("before....");
            int i = 1 / 0;
            System.out.println("behind....");
        }
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException arrayindexoutofboundsexception)
        {
            arrayindexoutofboundsexception.printStackTrace();
        }

2、try-catch-finally

 	try {
            System.out.println("before....");
            int i = 1 / 0;
            System.out.println("behind....");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println("finally...");
        }

结果：
	before....
	打印异常信息
	finally...
(打印的顺序也可能会是)
	before....
	finally...
	打印异常信息
	

finally语句块中的代码必执行，当出现finally关键字时，jvm在编译期间会根据语法树进行“代码重排序”。

反编译后代码如下：
正常    System.out.println("before....");
        int i = 1 / 0;
        System.out.println("behind....");
        System.out.println("finally...");
结束     break MISSING_BLOCK_LABEL_58;
		
出现异常 Exception exception;
        exception;
        exception.printStackTrace();
        System.out.println("finally...");
结束    break MISSING_BLOCK_LABEL_58;
        
出现异常 Exception exception1;
        exception1;
        System.out.println("finally...");
结束    throw exception1;

从反编译结果可以看到，出现finally关键字，jvm在编译期间会把try-catch-finally结构的代码根据语法树进行重新排序，并且最后的一个异常一定是Exception。


验证：（只捕获IndexOutOfBoundsException）
   try {
            System.out.println("before....");
            int i = 1 / 0;
            System.out.println("behind....");
        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println("finally...");
        }

反编译结果如下:
 	    System.out.println("before....");
        int i = 1 / 0;
        System.out.println("behind....");
        System.out.println("finally...");
        break MISSING_BLOCK_LABEL_58;
        
		Exception exception;   -----------IndexOutOfBoundsException
        exception;
        exception.printStackTrace();
        System.out.println("finally...");
        break MISSING_BLOCK_LABEL_58;
        
		Exception exception1;
        exception1;
        System.out.println("finally...");
        throw exception1;

##有return关键字:

1、try-catch

 public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println(met());
    }

    public static String met(){
        try {
            System.out.println("before....");
            int i = 1 / 0;
            System.out.println("behind....");
            return "try";
        } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "catch";
        }
    }

结果:
	before....
	异常信息  
	
为何没打印出catch ?  异常匹配失败 

代码反编译如下：
	public static void main(String args[]){
        System.out.println(met());
    }

    public static String met(){
        try
        {
            System.out.println("before....");
            int i = 1 / 0;
            System.out.println("behind....");
            return "try";
        }
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException arrayindexoutofboundsexception)
        {
            arrayindexoutofboundsexception.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "catch";
    }

jvm会把catch语句块中的return 提到外面。

上述代码  try语句块中出现异常，catch 进行异常匹配，
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException类型异常与之不匹配，交给jvm进行处理。

2、try-catch-finally

 	public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println(met());
    }

    public static String met() {
        try {
            System.out.println("before....");
            int i = 1 / 0;
            System.out.println("behind....");
            return "try";
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return "catch";
        } finally {
            System.out.println("finally...");
            return "finally";
        }
    }

结果:
 before....
 异常信息
 finally...
 finally
 或者
 before....
 finally...
 finally
 异常信息
 
 反编译代码
 public class T_003
 {
     public T_003(){
     }

     public static void main(String args[]){
        System.out.println(met());
     }

     public static String met(){
 try正常: System.out.println("before....");
         int i = 1 / 0;
         System.out.println("behind....");
         String s = "try";
         System.out.println("finally...");
         return "finally";

catch:   Exception exception;
         exception;
         exception.printStackTrace();
         String s1 = "catch";
         System.out.println("finally...");
         return "finally";


catch:   Exception exception1;
         exception1;
         System.out.println("finally...");
         return "finally";
    }
 }

####根据上述例子总结如下执行流程。

参考资料
http://www.wjhsh.net/wpbxin-p-14618750.html
https://www.pdai.tech/md/java/basic/java-basic-x-exception.html