《Brave New Words 》4.3 家长在基于 AI 教育中的作用

Part IV Better Together

第四部分 携手共进

The Place for Parents in AI-Based Education

家长在基于 AI 教育中的作用

As a father, I try—oh, how I try—to encourage my kids to put down the technology. I am betting this sounds familiar to most parents. Personally, I worry that if left to their own devices (literally and figuratively), my sons are just going to play Minecraft or code, and my daughter will stream every episode of Sister, Sister or Korean soap operas, in perpetuity. I want them to spend more time playing outside with friends, creating forts in the living room, reading books, drawing, or doing something creative and productive instead of vegging. I want them to study more and engage in activities that make them feel academically, physically, and socially confident. I want them to push themselves out of their comfort zones. And when our kids are struggling with any of the above, I want them to feel supported, even when things get hard or uncomfortable.

作为一个父亲，我努力——哦，我多么努力地——鼓励我的孩子们放下科技产品。我打赌大多数家长都会对此感同身受。就我个人而言，我担心如果任由他们自行其是（字面和比喻意义上），我的儿子们只会玩 Minecraft 或编程，而我的女儿则会永远观看《姐妹姐妹》或韩国肥皂剧的每一集。我希望他们花更多的时间在外面和朋友一起玩，在客厅里建造堡垒，读书，画画，或者做一些有创意和有成效的事情，而不是无所事事。我希望他们更多地学习，参与让他们在学业上、身体上和社交上都感到自信的活动。我希望他们能推自己出舒适区。当我们的孩子在上述任何一个方面遇到困难时，我希望他们能感到支持，即使事情变得艰难或不舒服。

Learning is hard work, whether it’s practicing piano, drawing, or navigating uncomfortable social situations. As difficult as it is for our children to learn something new, it’s equally difficult to parent them as they learn. Helping kids develop a growth mindset requires consistent effort and reinforcement, in which we offer encouragement and meaningful praise while reframing setbacks as stepping stones toward improvement. As parents, we do things like making sure our kids take breaks. We remind them that the effort matters more than the outcome and that everyone, including us, has faced failure and setbacks and is better for it. We break down challenging concepts into more manageable chunks. For more abstract material, we try to show our children how it relates to their lives. Sometimes they accept our assistance, and other times, not so much. So goes parenting.

学习是一项艰苦的工作，无论是练习钢琴、绘画，还是应对不舒服的社交情况。对于我们的孩子来说，学习新东西很难，而在他们学习的过程中养育他们也同样困难。帮助孩子们培养成长心态需要持续的努力和强化，我们提供鼓励和有意义的赞扬，同时将挫折重新定义为迈向进步的垫脚石。作为家长，我们做一些事情，比如确保我们的孩子休息。我们提醒他们，努力比结果更重要，每个人，包括我们自己，都曾面临失败和挫折，并从中变得更好。我们将具有挑战性的概念分解成更易管理的小块。对于更抽象的材料，我们试图向孩子们展示它们与他们生活的相关性。有时他们接受我们的帮助，而有时则不尽然。为人父母就是这样。

Over the years, I have observed the benefits of technological advances in learning, and I have come to see them in parenting too. Historically, parents have had limited choices when their children needed academic help. Some parents feel confident with the material students are learning, but most don’t. The parent-child dynamic can be difficult even when the parent is a fairly competent tutor on the subject. I can attest to this dynamic with my own family.

多年来，我观察到了科技进步在学习中的好处，我也逐渐在育儿中看到了这些好处。从历史上看，当孩子们需要学业帮助时，家长的选择是有限的。一些家长对学生正在学习的材料感到自信，但大多数则没有。即使家长在该学科上是相当称职的导师，亲子关系也可能很困难。我可以用我自己的家庭来证明这一点。

Sometimes a nonparent family member can also help—my sister used to tutor me, and I famously tutored my cousins—but that is still unusual and fraught with family dynamics. For parents who don’t have the time or capability to tutor their children themselves but are middle or upper-middle class, they often turn to paid tutors. Families without those resources are essentially stuck.

有时，非父母的家庭成员也可以提供帮助——我姐姐曾经辅导过我，我也以辅导我的表兄弟而闻名——但这仍然是不常见的，并且充满了家庭关系的复杂性。对于没有时间或能力亲自辅导孩子但属于中产或上中产阶级的家长，他们通常会求助于付费的导师。没有这些资源的家庭基本上就陷入了困境。

The internet, and especially on-demand video, offered an alternative. Beyond addressing some of the limitations of traditional tutoring, these technologies offered students the opportunity to read or watch bite-sized explanations. The videos were on demand, pause-able, and watchable at half or double speed. With the development of Khan Academy, students were able to practice and assess their understanding in most topics in nearly any language, anytime, and anywhere.

互联网，尤其是点播视频，提供了另一种选择。除了解决传统辅导的一些局限性外，这些技术还为学生提供了阅读或观看简短解释的机会。这些视频是按需的，可以暂停的，可以以一半或两倍的速度观看。随着可汗学院的发展，学生们能够在几乎任何语言中随时随地练习和评估他们在大多数主题中的理解。

This wasn’t just for student support, though. Parents would regularly tell me about how they used it to bone up on concepts so that they could tutor their children better.

但这不仅仅是为了支持学生。家长们经常告诉我，他们是如何利用它复习概念，以便他们能够更好地辅导他们的孩子。

Still, a gap remained between what you could learn from articles, videos, and exercises and what a great tutor could do. For example, the benefits of rapport, motivational support, and dynamic conversation between the technology and the student remained elusive. For these interactive qualities, learners still needed to turn to a parent, teacher, or tutor.

然而，文章、视频和练习所能教授的内容与优秀导师所能做的之间仍然存在差距。例如，技术与学生之间的关系、激励支持和动态对话的好处仍然难以捉摸。对于这些互动特质，学习者仍然需要求助于家长、老师或导师。

That changed, however, with AI technology and the introduction of large language models. In previous chapters, I introduced readers to the ways in which technology has met the interpersonal challenges by creating AI tutors and personal coaches that better understand where your children are in their studies and offer real-time encouragement and supplemental support. These AI tutors can personalize and customize coaching, as well as adapt to an individual’s needs while hovering beside our learners as they work. Even more impressive, this technology teaches our learners to be better thinkers by engaging them in Socratic questioning.

然而，随着 AI 技术和大型语言模型的引入，这一切发生了变化。在前面的章节中，我向读者介绍了技术如何通过创建更好地了解您的孩子在学习中的位置并提供实时鼓励和补充支持的 AI 导师和个人教练来应对人际挑战。这些 AI 导师可以个性化和定制辅导，并根据个人需求进行调整，同时在我们的学习者工作时在旁边徘徊。更令人印象深刻的是，这项技术通过让学习者参与苏格拉底式提问来教他们成为更好的思考者。

But what does this AI mean for parents and their roles in helping their kids learn? We know artificial intelligence is going to transform our day jobs, but how is it going to transform our even more important job as parents?

但是，这种 AI 对家长及其帮助孩子学习的角色意味着什么？我们知道人工智能将改变我们的日常工作，但它将如何改变我们作为家长更重要的工作呢？

There are several dimensions of parenting where generative AI is becoming hugely relevant, beginning with parents serving as tutors to their children. Every parent has dealt with a child getting frustrated. The experience is vexing on both sides. The parent tries to motivate the child, or explain a concept, but the child feels pressure or judgment. As a result, the parent-child dynamic can sometimes get a little bit heated, ending with children saying they do not want to do the work with the parent.

在育儿的多个方面，生成式 AI 正变得极其重要，首先是父母作为孩子的导师。每个家长都曾面对孩子感到沮丧的情况。这种经历对双方都是令人烦恼的。家长试图激励孩子或解释一个概念，但孩子感到压力或被评判。结果，亲子关系有时会变得有点紧张，最后孩子会说他们不想和父母一起做功课。

Here, the AI can play a powerful role, in the same way that I did for my cousin Nadia twenty years earlier, when I was tutoring her in math. On the one hand, I was educated in the United States and had a math background, so I was able to support Nadia in her math education much better than her parents. At the same time, part of the benefit of my working with her was that I wasn’t one of Nadia’s parents. The AI utilizes the same dynamic. There is value in having a nonparent third party. Khanmigo can build rapport with kids like I did with my cousins and not fall into some of the traditional parent-child dynamics.

在这里，AI 可以发挥强大的作用，就像二十年前我在辅导我的表妹纳迪亚数学时所做的一样。一方面，我在美国接受教育并有数学背景，因此我能够比她的家长更好地支持她的数学教育。同时，我与她合作的部分好处是我不是纳迪亚的家长之一。AI 利用了同样的动态。拥有一个非父母的第三方是有价值的。Khanmigo 可以像我对待我的表兄弟姐妹一样与孩子们建立关系，而不会陷入一些传统的亲子关系中。

The AI tutor knows the material and is a subject-matter expert that can provide personalized, adaptive learning exercises based on a student’s individual needs and abilities. It can also offer immediate feedback and adjust its teaching methods. Unlike any parent I know, the AI tutor has endless energy and no other job but to be on call to help a student all day, every day, whenever and wherever our kids need it, whereas we, as parents, are . . . well, only human.

AI 导师了解学习材料，是一个可以根据学生的个人需求和能力提供个性化、适应性学习练习的学科专家。它还可以提供即时反馈并调整其教学方法。与我所认识的任何家长不同，AI 导师有无尽的精力，唯一的工作就是全天候帮助学生，而我们作为父母，嗯，只是凡人。

All the while, generative AI platforms are able to offer interfaces that allow parents to keep track of the conversations that their children are having with the AI, affording them a window into exactly what a child has been learning. The AI can also proactively reach out to students and parents through texts designed to ensure that learners remain engaged and motivated while the AI holds them gently accountable.

与此同时，生成式 AI 平台能够提供接口，使家长可以跟踪孩子与 AI 的对话，为他们提供一个了解孩子确切学习内容的窗口。AI 还可以通过设计的文本主动联系学生和家长，确保学习者保持参与和积极性，同时 AI 能温和地让他们承担责任。

Then there’s the other job of parenting: trying to help students develop solid life skills, such as learning to be resilient, to focus, and to deal with grief and adversity in healthy ways. Here, once again, generative AI can help with parental support, offering guidance for parents, whether it’s advice on best practices for reaching kids, navigating bullying, or moving through thorny social issues that come up between a child and their friends. Generative AI can provide parents with resources and time that might otherwise require sessions with a therapist or reading parenting self-help books. The AI becomes a parenting coach.

然后还有另一项育儿工作：努力帮助学生发展坚实的生活技能，如学习如何有弹性、专注以及以健康的方式应对悲伤和逆境。在这里，生成式 AI 再次可以帮助家长提供支持，向父母提供指导，无论是关于最佳实践的建议，还是应对欺凌或解决孩子与朋友之间出现的棘手社会问题。生成式 AI 可以为家长提供资源和时间，而这些资源和时间可能需要与治疗师会面或阅读育儿自助书籍。AI 成为了育儿教练。

PARENT: My teenage daughter is having trouble working with a teacher in her school. I don’t know what to do to help her. Do you have any parenting advice?

家长：我的十几岁女儿在学校与老师相处有困难。我不知道该怎么帮助她。你有什么育儿建议吗？

KHANMIGO: Oh, that can be a pickle! Have you thought about having a chat with the teacher to understand their perspective? It might help to know what they’re thinking!

KHANMIGO：哦，那可能是个难题！你有没有想过和老师聊聊，了解他们的观点？了解他们在想什么可能会有帮助！

PARENT: I’ve tried. It’s like we’re talking past each other.

家长：我试过了。感觉我们在鸡同鸭讲。

KHANMIGO: Hmm, that’s a toughie! How about bringing in a third party, like a school counselor or principal, to help mediate the conversation? Could that be a good next step?

KHANMIGO：嗯，那确实很难！请一个第三方，比如学校辅导员或校长来帮助调解对话怎么样？这是一个好的下一步吗？

PARENT: What if I want to try to reach her myself? Any suggestions?

家长：如果我想自己尝试联系她呢？有什么建议吗？

KHANMIGO: Ah, a DIY approach! Dealing with such situations can be challenging, but there are several steps you can take to help support your daughter. Talk to your daughter about her concerns and encourage her to express her feelings and thoughts about the situation. Assure her that you are there to listen and support her. Also, gain a clear understanding of the issue by gathering all the facts. Ask your daughter specific questions about what difficulties she is experiencing with the teacher, and try to identify any underlying causes or patterns. Seek additional perspectives and eventually communicate with the teacher directly. Ultimately, help your daughter develop resilience by teaching her strategies to cope with difficult situations. Encourage her to seek support from friends, engage in activities she enjoys, and practice self-care to manage her emotions.

KHANMIGO：啊，DIY 方法！处理这种情况可能具有挑战性，但有几个步骤可以帮助支持你的女儿。与她谈论她的担忧，鼓励她表达对这种情况的感受和想法。向她保证你在倾听和支持她。同时，通过收集所有事实来清楚地了解问题。问你的女儿她在与老师相处中遇到了什么困难，并尝试找出任何潜在的原因或模式。寻求额外的观点，并最终直接与老师沟通。最终，通过教她应对困难情况的策略来帮助她发展韧性。鼓励她寻求朋友的支持，参与她喜欢的活动，并练习自我照顾以管理情绪。

Beyond tutoring and behavioral psychology guidance, generative AI can help parents with their own mindfulness by offering suggestions proven to lower parenting stress.

除了辅导和行为心理学指导外，生成式 AI 还可以通过提供被证明可以降低育儿压力的建议来帮助家长进行自我关怀。

KHANMIGO: I understand that being a parent can be stressful at times. While I’m not an expert in parenting, I can offer some general tips to help you manage stress. Take breaks. Give yourself some time to relax and recharge. Even a short walk or a few minutes of deep breathing can help. Prioritize tasks by making a list of tasks you need to accomplish and focusing on one task at a time. Be sure to not be too hard on yourself if you can’t get everything done. It’s also important to reach out to friends, family, or support groups to share your experiences and learn from others in similar situations.

KHANMIGO：我理解做家长有时会很有压力。虽然我不是育儿专家，但我可以提供一些帮助你管理压力的一般建议。休息一下。给自己一些时间放松和充电。即使是短暂的散步或几分钟的深呼吸也能有所帮助。通过列出你需要完成的任务并一次专注于一项任务来确定优先事项。如果你不能完成所有任务，确保不要对自己太苛刻。与朋友、家人或支持小组联系，分享你的经验并从类似情况中的其他人那里学习，这也很重要。

If used well, AI ultimately strengthens a parent’s ability to help their kids learn and grow. This in no way diminishes the holistic understanding a parent has of their child’s development, strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles. Parents continue to provide the nurturing environment kids need by instilling values and serving as role models. The AI can provide the parent more tools and contexts with which to understand and guide their children. Just as AI can act as a teaching assistant, it can act as a parenting assistant. The best teacher or parent assistant is the one that children can turn to exactly when they need support.

如果使用得当，AI 最终会增强家长帮助孩子学习和成长的能力。这丝毫不会削弱家长对孩子发展、优势、弱点和学习风格的整体理解。家长继续通过灌输价值观和充当榜样为孩子提供他们需要的培育环境。AI 可以为家长提供更多理解和指导孩子的工具和背景。就像 AI 可以充当教学助手一样，它也可以充当育儿助手。最好的教师或家长助手是孩子们在需要支持时可以随时求助的人。

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