Bean 逻辑分组注入

Bean 逻辑分组注入

创建多个具有相同类型的 bean 时，使用类注入会报错，在这种情况下可以使用 @Qualifier + Bean 名称方式来进行限定注入。实际上这是 @Qualify 最基础的用法，它还可以做简单的分组限定，下面会对分组限定的方式进行展示。

以下自定义了两个注解 @Group1 和 @Group2 ， 他们两个为 @Qualify 注解的拓展；

    @Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Inherited
    @Documented
    @Qualifier
    @interface Group1 {
    }

    @Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Inherited
    @Documented
    @Qualifier
    @interface Group2 {
    }

在声明 Bean 对象的时候分别使用 @Group1 、@Group2 进行标示。

    @Bean
    @Qualifier
    public User user1() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1L);
        return user;
    }

    @Bean
    @Group1
    public User user2() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(2L);
        return user;
    }

    @Bean
    @Group2
    public User user3() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(3L);
        return user;
    }

    @Data
    @ToString
    static class User {
        private Long id;
    }

在进行依赖注入的使用，使用 @Group1 、@Group2 标识要获取的bean 对象；

    @Autowired
    @Group1
    private Collection<User> group1Users;

    @Autowired
    @Group2
    private Collection<User> group2Users;

这样就可以分组得到对应标示的对象集合；

完整代码以及输出结果如下：

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.util.Collection;

/**
 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier} 注解依赖注入
 *
 * @author houfeifan
 * @since 2022/5/29 5:45 下午
 **/
public class AuailfierAnnotationDependencyInjectionDemo {

    @Autowired
    @Group1
    private Collection<User> group1Users;

    @Autowired
    @Group2
    private Collection<User> group2Users;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        applicationContext.register(AuailfierAnnotationDependencyInjectionDemo.class);
        applicationContext.refresh();

        AuailfierAnnotationDependencyInjectionDemo demo = applicationContext.getBean(AuailfierAnnotationDependencyInjectionDemo.class);
        System.out.println("group1Users: " + demo.group1Users);
        System.out.println("group2Users: " + demo.group2Users);

        // 按照类型依赖查找
        applicationContext.close();
    }

    @Bean
    @Qualifier
    public User user1() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1L);
        return user;
    }

    @Bean
    @Group1
    public User user2() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(2L);
        return user;
    }

    @Bean
    @Group2
    public User user3() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(3L);
        return user;
    }

    @Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Inherited
    @Documented
    @Qualifier
    @interface Group1 {
    }

    @Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Inherited
    @Documented
    @Qualifier
    @interface Group2 {
    }

    @Data
    @ToString
    static class User {
        private Long id;
    }
}

group1Users: [AuailfierAnnotationDependencyInjectionDemo.User(id=2)]
group2Users: [AuailfierAnnotationDependencyInjectionDemo.User(id=3)]