Redis的数据类型
String数据类型
- 是redis中最基本的类型,最大能存储512mb数据,类型是二进制,可以存储任何数据,比如图片,数字,序列化对象等
set/get/append/strlen
- 创建一个键值
127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 1
OK
- 查看键值
127.0.0.1:6379> get k1
"1"
- 追加键值,若键不存在则创建
127.0.0.1:6379> append k1 2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> get k1
"12"
127.0.0.1:6379> append k2 2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get k2
"2"
- 判断键是否存在
127.0.0.1:6379> exists k
(integer) 0 //0代表不存在
127.0.0.1:6379> exists k1
(integer) 1 //1代表存在
- 判断键是否存在,存在就追加并返回键长度,不存在就创建键并返回键长度
127.0.0.1:6379> get k2
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> append k2 3
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> get k2
"23"
127.0.0.1:6379> get k3
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> append k3 3
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get k3
"3"
- 获取指定键长度
27.0.0.1:6379> strlen k3
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen k2
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen k1
(integer) 3
incr/decr/incrby/decrby
incr key:键值递增1,key必须为整数
decr key:键值递减1,key必须为整数
127.0.0.1:6379> set k5 10 //设置k5值是10
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> incr k5 //递增1
(integer) 11
127.0.0.1:6379> incr k5 //递增1
(integer) 12
127.0.0.1:6379> get k5 //查看k5值
"12"
127.0.0.1:6379> decr k5 //递减1
(integer) 11
127.0.0.1:6379> decr k5 //递减1
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379> decr k5 //递减1
(integer) 9
127.0.0.1:6379> get k5 //现在值为9
"9"
127.0.0.1:6379> set k6 qq //设置非整数
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> incr k6
(error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range //发现不能使用
127.0.0.1:6379> del k6 //将键值删除变成空再使用递增或递减
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> get k6
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> incr k6
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr k6
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> incr k6
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> del k6
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> decr k6
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> decr k6
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> decr k6
(integer) -3
- 增加/减少指定整数
127.0.0.1:6379> set k6 10 //创建键值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get k6
"10"
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby k6 5 //指定键值加5
(integer) 15
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby k6 5 //指定键值加5
(integer) 20
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby k6 10 //指定键值减10
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby k6 10 //指定键值减10
(integer) 0
getset
getset key value:获取键值并返回,同时给键设置新值
127.0.0.1:6379> set k6 10 //先设置键值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> getset k6 20 //先返回原本键值,再设置新的键值,所以此处显示10
"10"
127.0.0.1:6379> get k6 //查看键值是新设置的
"20"
setex
setex key seconds value:设置指定键值的过期时间为seconds
127.0.0.1:6379> setex k6 15 8 //设置键值和过期时间,键值是8,过期时间是15s
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get k6
"8"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k6
(integer) -2 //-2代表已经过期
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k6
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> setex k6 12 3
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k6
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> persist k6 //移除过期时间
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k6 //-1代表永不过期
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k6
(integer) -1
setnx
127.0.0.1:6379> del k1 //删除前面的键
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx k1 1 // k1不存在则创建
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx k1 2 // k1存在则放弃操作
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get k1
"1"
mset mget msetnx
127.0.0.1:6379> mset k1 1 k2 2 k3 3 //批量设置键值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3 //批量获取键值
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> msetnx k1 1 k4 4 k5 5 //因为k1存在,则失败
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) (nil)
5) (nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> msetnx k4 4 k5 5 //k4 k5不存在,则成功
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
1) "1"
2) "2"
3) "3"
4) "4"
5) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379>
List数据类型
列表的元素类型为string,按照插入顺序排序,在列表的头部或者尾部添加元素
lpush lpushx lrange
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush k1 a b c d //每次在头部插入
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1 //取链表中的全部元素,0为第一个,-1为最后一个
1) "d"
2) "c"
3) "b"
4) "a"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpushx k2 e //不存在k2则不插入
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> lpushx k1 e //存在k1 则插入
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1
1) "e"
2) "d"
3) "c"
4) "b"
5) "a"
127.0.0.1:6379>
lpop llen
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1
1) "e"
2) "d"
3) "c"
4) "b"
5) "a"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop k1 //移除头部的元素
"e"
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop k1
"d"
127.0.0.1:6379> llen k1 //获取表中元素数量
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1
1) "c"
2) "b"
3) "a"
lrem lset lindex ltrim
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush k1 a b c d a c //准备列表
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem k1 2 a //删除两个值等于a的元素
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1
1) "c"
2) "d"
3) "c"
4) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex k1 1 //查看索引值为1的元素
"d"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset k1 1 b //设置索引值为1的元素的值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex k1 1
"b"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset k1 5 b //索引值不能超过列表
(error) ERR index out of range
127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim k1 0 2 //仅保留索引值0-2
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1
1) "c"
2) "b"
3) "c"
linsert
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush k1 a b c d e //准备列表
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert k1 before a a1 //在a前插入a1
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1
1) "e"
2) "d"
3) "c"
4) "b"
5) "a1"
6) "a"
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert k1 after e e2 //在e后插入e2
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange k1 0 -1
1) "e"
2) "e2"
3) "d"
4) "c"
5) "b"
6) "a1"
7) "a"
rpush rpushx rpop rpoplpush
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush k1 a b c d //在尾部插入元素
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k1 0 -1 //查看所有元素
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "d"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpushx k1 e //插入e
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex k1 4
"e"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k1 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "d"
5) "e"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush k1 k2 //将k1的尾部元素弹到k2
"e"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k1 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "d"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k2 0 -1
1) "e"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush k1 k2 //再弹一次
"d"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k1 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop k2 //移除尾部元素
"e"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop k2
"d"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k2 0 -1
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k1 0 -1
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush k1 k1 //将尾部数据移到头部
"c"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE k1 0 -1
1) "c"
2) "a"
3) "b"
Hash数据类型
hset hget hdel hexists hlen hsetnx
127.0.0.1:6379>
127.0.0.1:6379> hset h1 field1 zhangsan //字段为field1,值为zhangsan
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget h1 field1 //获取键值为h1,字段为field1的值
"zhangsan"
127.0.0.1:6379> hset h1 field2 lisi
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget h1 field2
"lisi"
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen h1 //获取h1的字段数量
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists h1 field1 //判断h1的field1是否存在,1为存在,0为不存在
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hdel h1 field1 //删除
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists h1 field1
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx h1 field1 zhangsan //因为不存在则设置
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx h1 field1 zhangsan //因为存在则不执行操作
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379>
hincrby
127.0.0.1:6379> hset myhash field 5 //设置字段为field1的值为5
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby myhash field 5 //使其增加5
(integer) 10
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby myhash field 5
(integer) 15
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby myhash field -20 //使其减少20
(integer) -5
hgetall hkeys hvals hmget hmset
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset hash f1 hello f2 world //批量设置多个字段
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget hash f1 f2 f3 //批量获取多个字段
1) "hello"
2) "world"
3) (nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash //获取全部字段
1) "f1"
2) "hello"
3) "f2"
4) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys hash //获取字段名
1) "f1"
2) "f2"
127.0.0.1:6379> hvals hash //获取字段值
1) "hello"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379>
set数据类型(无序集合)
无序集合,元素类型为string,元素具有唯一性,不允许存在重复的成员
sadd smembers scard sismember
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set a b c //插入数据
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set a d e //a存在,插入d e
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set //查看数据
1) "a"
2) "c"
3) "d"
4) "b"
5) "e"
127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set a //查看a在 返回1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set f //f不在 返回0
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set //再次查看数据,无序
1) "d"
2) "b"
3) "e"
4) "c"
5) "a"
127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD set //获取集合中元素数量
(integer) 5
127.0.0.1:6379>
spop srem srandmember smove
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set a b c d //插入数据
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set //查看数据
1) "a"
2) "c"
3) "d"
4) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set //随机返回一个元素
"a"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set
"a"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set
"d"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop set //随机删除一个元素
"d"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set
1) "a"
2) "c"
3) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SREM set a b f //移除三个元素,f不存在,则成功两个
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set
1) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE set set2 c //将set里的c移到set2
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE set set2 c //set中无c
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2
1) "c"
Sortcd Set数据类型(有序集合)
元素类型为string,元素具有唯一性,不能重复,每个元素都会关联一个double类型的分数,可以通过权重的大小排序,元素的score可以相同
zadd zcrad zcount zrem zincrby zrange zrank
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset 1 one //添加一个分数为1的成员
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset 2 two 3 three //新加两个成员
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset 0 -1 withscores //查看数据
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "two"
4) "2"
5) "three"
6) "3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank zset one //获取索引值
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank zset four //不存在返回nil
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zset //获取成员数量
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount zset 1 2 //满足分数在1-2的成员
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem zset one two //删除成员
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zset //获取成员数量
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zset three //获取成员分数
"3"
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zset two //不存在 返回nil
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY zset 2 one //将成员one的分数+2,不存在从0开始
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZINCRBY zset -1 one
"1"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset 0 -1 withscores //满足分数在1-2的成员
1) "one"
2) "1"
3) "three"
4) "3"
zrangebyscore zrembyrank zremrangebyscore
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset 1 one 2 two 3 three //添加几个成员
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset 1 2 //获取分数在1-2的成员
1) "one"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset (1 2 //获取分数在大于1小于等于2的成员
1) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset -inf +inf limit 2 3 //获取在2-3的全部成员
1) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYSCORE zset 1 2 //删除索引值在1-2的成员
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange zset 0 -1 //查看所有成员
1) "three"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYRANK zset 0 1 //删除索引值在0-1的成员
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREMRANGEBYRANK zset 0 1
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zset //查看成员数量
(integer) 0
zrevrange zrevrangebyscore zrevrank
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four //添加成员
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE zset 0 -1 withscores //以索引值从高到低返回成员
1) "four"
2) "4"
3) "three"
4) "3"
5) "two"
6) "2"
7) "one"
8) "1"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE zset 1 3 //返回索引值在1-3的成员
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank zset one //返回one的索引值
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrank zset four
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset 3 0 //分数从高到低
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset 4 0 limit 1 2 //满足分数4-0,且索引值从1开始的两位成员
1) "three"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset +inf -inf limit 1 3 //全部成员在索引值为1开始的后三位成员
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"