Debian11安装与基础配置

1、安装debian

此过程相当缓慢，建议不要联网

这里需要安装ssh server,不然后面无法使用ssh连接

2、设置静态ip

#因为vi编辑器方向键异常，所以选用echo末行添加
cat /etc/network/interfaces
sed -i 's/allow-hotplug/auto/g' /etc/network/interfaces 
sed -i 's/dhcp/static/g' /etc/network/interfaces
echo 'address 172.17.165.90' >> /etc/network/interfaces
echo 'netmask 255.255.255.0' >> /etc/network/interfaces
echo 'gateway 172.17.165.2' >> /etc/network/interfaces
echo 'dns-nameservers 172.17.165.2 114.114.114.114' >> /etc/network/interfaces
#重启网络
systemctl restart networking

3、修复vi编辑器异常

#方案一
#卸载tiny 版本
sudo apt-get remove vim-common
#安装full 版本
#注意：未设置apt源之前系统默认是安装系统的光盘镜像源
sudo apt-get install vim

#方案二
sudo vi ~/.vimrc
#添加：
set nocompatible
set backspace=2
#按 esc :x  保存退出

echo "set nocompatible" >> ~/.vimrc
echo "set backspace=2" >> ~/.vimrc

4、修改镜像源

注意：修改镜像源之前需要备份，备份后查看镜像源内容后在按照需求进行修改

2、备份源

#备份软件源列表
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
#查看版本代号
lsb_release -a

3、修改源

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

#以华为源为例，修改镜像地址即可，无需修改操作符
sed -i "s@http://ftp.debian.org@https://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i "s@http://security.debian.org@https://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list

#挂载本地镜像源
mount /dev/cdrom /media/

#修改为本地镜像地址
sudo sed -i "s@http://.*archive.debian.com/debian/@file:///media/@g" /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i "s@http://.*security.debian.com/debian/@file:///media/@g" /etc/apt/sources.list

以下为debian11的镜像源

#网易
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye/updates main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye/updates main non-free contrib
#阿里
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
#华为
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://repo.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main contrib non-free
#腾讯
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/debian-security bullseye/updates main contrib non-free

4、更新源

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade