文章目录
前言
公司后一个项目需要上传大量图片,为了开发期间不耽误开发进度,特地先学习一下图片的上传相关知识。以下是本篇文章正文内容,博客以学习记录为目的,所以仅供参考
一、方案选择
- FastDFS和vsftpd
FastDFS是我之前用到过的,后一种没用过,但我知道都,是需要自己搭建服务器(可能还要搭建集群),使用和维护成本很高,并且如果想用的话需要单独拎出来一个服务器,费用也不低,所以pass
- 云存储(阿里云对象存储、七牛云存储)
即开即用,无需维护,按需使用,按量收费。
并且我自己有一个阿里云服务器和账户,所以直接使用阿里云的oss对象存储
二、使用步骤
1、创建子AccessKey
具体创建按照阿里云指导一步一步完成即可:
简要步骤如下
1)鼠标悬停头像框,进入AccessKey管理
2)使用子用户
3)创建账户
4)创建好后查看列表
5)点击上图的添加权限
2.创建Bucket
实名认证部分略
1)直接找到产品服务,点击进入oss
2)其他内容
3)创建好后会有一个列表如下
4)进入我们自己创建的bucket
因为我打算使用web端直传的方式,所以要配置跨域
5)点击设置,创建跨域规则
至此,一个bucket就创建好了。下面可以正式进入开发了
三、开发
1、后端上传方式
1)引入官方给的sdk坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
<artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
<version>3.10.2</version>
</dependency>
<!--Java9以上还要引入下列jar包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
2)编写测试类
@Test
public void uploadPicture() throws Exception{
String endpoint = "oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
String accessKeyId = "your accessKeyId ";
String accessKeySecret = "your accessKeySecret ";
String bucketName = "your bucketName";
OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("/Users/Pictures/测试图片上传/2200000001_20210519133517.jpg");
ObjectMetadata objectMetadata = new ObjectMetadata();
objectMetadata.setContentType("image/jpg");
/**
第一个参数是bucketname,
第二个是路径名+文件名
第三个是文件的流
第四个是可以通过url预览
*/
PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, "exampledir/2200000001_20210519133518.jpg", inputStream,objectMetadata);
ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);
ossClient.shutdown();
}
3)弊端分析
- 弊端
采用这种方式,前端需要先把图片传给本地服务器,然后本地服务器在将图片上传云端,白白浪费了很多时间和资源,而且阿里云官方也建议采用服务端签名直传的方式。
2、服务端签名直传
正式环境采用分布式上传
1)流程
- 前端发送请求到本地服务器
- 服务器请求云端拿到签名数据返回给前端
- 前端携带签名数据上传云端
2)引入sdk
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
3)获取签名的controller
@RestController
public class OssController {
@Autowired
private OSS ossClient;
@Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.bucket}")
private String bucket;
@Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint}")
private String endpoint;
@Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key}")
private String accessId;
@RequestMapping("/oss/policy")
public R getSign(){
String host = "https://" + bucket + "." + endpoint;
String format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date());
String dir = format + "/";
Map<String, String> respMap = null;
try {
long expireTime = 30;
long expireEndTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expireTime * 1000;
Date expiration = new Date(expireEndTime);
PolicyConditions policyConds = new PolicyConditions();
policyConds.addConditionItem(PolicyConditions.COND_CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE, 0, 1048576000);
policyConds.addConditionItem(MatchMode.StartWith, PolicyConditions.COND_KEY, dir);
String postPolicy = ossClient.generatePostPolicy(expiration, policyConds);
byte[] binaryData = postPolicy.getBytes("utf-8");
String encodedPolicy = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(binaryData);
String postSignature = ossClient.calculatePostSignature(postPolicy);
respMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
respMap.put("accessid", accessId);
respMap.put("policy", encodedPolicy);
respMap.put("signature", postSignature);
respMap.put("dir", dir);
respMap.put("host", host);
respMap.put("expire", String.valueOf(expireEndTime / 1000));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} finally {
ossClient.shutdown();
}
return R.ok().put("data",respMap);
}
}
4)js代码
这里只贴主要代码,想要完整代码请留言
//请求签名参数的方法
import http from '@/utils/httpRequest.js'
export function policy() {
return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
http({
url: http.adornUrl("/oss/policy"),
method: "get",
params: http.adornParams({})
}).then(({ data }) => {
resolve(data);
})
});
}
5)vue代码(elementui的上传组件)
<template>
<div>
<el-upload
action="your alybucket address"
:data="dataObj"
list-type="picture"
:multiple="false"
:show-file-list="showFileList"
:file-list="fileList"
:before-upload="beforeUpload"
:on-remove="handleRemove"
:on-success="handleUploadSuccess"
:on-preview="handlePreview"
>
<el-button size="small" type="primary">点击上传</el-button>
<div slot="tip" class="el-upload__tip">
只能上传jpg/png文件,且不超过10MB
</div>
</el-upload>
<el-dialog :visible.sync="dialogVisible">
<img width="100%" :src="fileList[0].url" alt="" />
</el-dialog>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { policy } from "./policy";
import { getUUID } from "@/utils";
export default {
name: "singleUpload",
props: {
value: String,
},
computed: {
imageUrl() {
return this.value;
},
imageName() {
if (this.value != null && this.value !== "") {
return this.value.substr(this.value.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
} else {
return null;
}
},
fileList() {
return [
{
name: this.imageName,
url: this.imageUrl,
},
];
},
showFileList: {
get: function () {
return (
this.value !== null && this.value !== "" && this.value !== undefined
);
},
set: function (newValue) {},
},
},
data() {
return {
dataObj: {
policy: "",
signature: "",
key: "",
ossaccessKeyId: "",
dir: "",
host: "",
// callback:'',
},
dialogVisible: false,
};
},
methods: {
emitInput(val) {
this.$emit("input", val);
},
handleRemove(file, fileList) {
this.emitInput("");
},
handlePreview(file) {
this.dialogVisible = true;
},
beforeUpload(file) {
let _self = this;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
policy()
.then((response) => {
_self.dataObj.policy = response.data.policy;
_self.dataObj.signature = response.data.signature;
_self.dataObj.ossaccessKeyId = response.data.accessid;
_self.dataObj.key =
response.data.dir + getUUID() + "_${filename}";
_self.dataObj.dir = response.data.dir;
_self.dataObj.host = response.data.host;
resolve(true);
})
.catch((err) => {
reject(false);
});
});
},
handleUploadSuccess(res, file) {
console.log("上传成功...");
this.showFileList = true;
this.fileList.pop();
this.fileList.push({
name: file.name,
url:
this.dataObj.host +
"/" +
this.dataObj.key.replace("${filename}", file.name),
});
this.emitInput(this.fileList[0].url);
},
},
};
</script>
<style>
</style>