1.配置过滤器
- xml配置: 在web.xml文件中写入配置信息 配置顺序为监听器-过滤器-servlet
<filter>
<filter-name>filterusers</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.test5.filterusers</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>ip</param-name>
<param-value>192.168.*.*</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>filterusers</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/loginfloder/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
@WebFilter(filterName = "filterusers",urlPatterns ="/loginfloder/*",
initParams ={@WebInitParam(name="ip",value = "192.168.*.*")} )
无论是那种配置方式,过滤器只需配置一次即可
2.过滤器实现方法以及生命周期
- init(FilterConfig config)方法(初始化阶段):初始化过滤器,将配置文件中的参数配置信息写入过滤器,即将config对象中的信息写入过滤器,具体操作如下:
String ip=config.getInitParameter("ip") ;
- doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain)方法(运行阶段): 完成实际的过滤操作,当浏览器访问的url地址与过滤器映射url地址相匹配时,执行该方法,FilterChain对象执行后续操作
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest request=(HttpServletRequest)req;
HttpServletResponse response=(HttpServletResponse)resp;
resp.setContentType("text/html");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter();
if(request.getSession().getAttribute("user")==null){
out.println("<script>if(confirm('请先登录')){window.location.href='/index.jsp'}</script>");
}
else{
chain.doFilter(req, resp);
}
}
- destroy()方法(销毁阶段): 在销毁过滤器之前执行该方法
3.常见问题
- 过滤器映射的url页面应该设置为防止缓存,否则在浏览器加载该页面时会使下一次访问时直接访问缓存页面,从而使过滤器失效
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-cache">