一、使用DEA创建项目
- 新建项目file-new -project
2.新建一个maven project,并且选择webapp原型。
3.填写GroupId和ArtifactId,
GroupID 是项目组织唯一的标识符,实际对应JAVA的包的结构,是main目录里java的目录结构,一般域名+公司名。
ArtifactID是项目的唯一的标识符,实际对应项目的名称,就是项目根目录的名称。
4.项目目录结构
5.根据对项目的任意目录进行这五种目录类型标注。
6. 包结构设置
二 、搭建项目
- 准备好之后,开始配置SpringMVC ,先是配置 pom.xml文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hf</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springmvc Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 标记库用于视图层的支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring相关包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvc</finalName>
<resources>
</resources>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.20.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
2. 接下来配置web 文件,web文件在启动时被加载,同时加载其中配置的 其他xml 文件。
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd "
version="3.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- 配置引用spring-mvc.xml -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- 启动时加载spring-mvc.xml -->
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
<!--<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>-->
</init-param>
<!-- 启动时加载spring-mvc.xml 的优先级高-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在web.xml 配置中设置spring-servlet.xml的加载路径
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
上面的这个是可以不用配置的,框架默认在/WEB-INF/下 自己扫描对应的XXX--mvc.xml配置文件,也可以自己指定;同时也可把配置文件指定到 resources 目录下,本例则是放在resources 目录下。
3. 配置spring-mvc.xml 文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd ">
<!-- 开启spring的扫描注入,使用如下注解 -->
<!-- @Component,@Repository,@Service,@Controller-->
<!-- 错误点 com.hf.controller 不能扫描到service ,dao等-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hf"/>
<!-- 开启springMVC的注解驱动,使得url可以映射到对应的controller -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 视图解析 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
注意点:新建项目需要引入下图红框中的链接,用于支持MVC注解驱动。
<!-- 开启springMVC的注解驱动,使得url可以映射到对应的controller -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
4. 配置基本完成,接下来进行controller ,service ,dao,pojo 的代码编写。
- Controller 层代码
package com.hf.controller;
import com.hf.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
/**
* @Description:
* @author:
* @date: 2018/10/17 13:32
* @Version: 1.0
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("student")
public class StudentController {
// @Resource(name = "studentService")
@Autowired
private StudentService studentService;
//get 错误点 地址栏请求属于get请求,因此method方法不能使用post
@RequestMapping(value = "/getStudents",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView getStudent(){
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
mav.setViewName("studentDis");
mav.addObject("student",studentService.getStudents());
return mav;
}
}
- Service 层代码
package com.hf.service;
import com.hf.dao.StudentDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @Description:
* @author:
* @date: 2018/10/17 13:33
* @Version: 1.0
*/
@Service("studentService")
public class StudentService {
/**
* @Autowired 自动注入 或者
* @Resource(name = "studentDao")
**/
// @Resource(name = "studentDao")
@Autowired
private StudentDao studentDao;
public List getStudents(){
return studentDao.findStudentAll();
}
}
- dao 层代码
package com.hf.dao;
import com.hf.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @Description:
* @author:
* @date: 2018/10/17 13:34
* @Version: 1.0
*/
@Repository("studentDao")
public class StudentDao {
public List<Student> findStudentAll(){
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(new Student("1", "tom", 58, true));
students.add(new Student("5", "yao", 26, true));
students.add(new Student("3", "ming", 18, true));
students.add(new Student("66", "liu", 22, true));
return students;
}
}
- pojo 代码
package com.hf.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @Description:
* @author:
* @date: 2018/10/17 13:36
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Student implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
private int age;
private boolean sex;
public Student(){ }
public Student(String id, String name, int age, boolean sex) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public boolean isSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(boolean sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
}
- 页面jsp代码
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: ygxzz
Date: 2018/10/17
Time: 13:24
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<title>Spring MVC Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>学生列表</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Id</th>
<th>名字</th>
<th>年龄</th>
<th>性别</th>
</tr>
<%--console.log(student);--%>
<%--console.log(${student});--%>
<%--request:${requestScope.message}<br/>--%>
<c:forEach items="${student}" var="student">
<tr>
<td>${student.id}</td>
<td>${student.name}</td>
<td>${student.age}</td>
<td>${student.sex}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
三 、 配置本地 Tomcat。
- 选择 Edut Configurations
- 选择+号,添加Tomcat。
- 配置 server 中的tomcat。
- 配置Deployment 。
- 配置结果如下图。
- 启动Tomcat。
四、访问项目
在地址栏中输入 :http://localhost:8080 + controller别名 + 方法别名 如下:
http://localhost:8080/student/getStudents
页面效果如图:
五、项目中遇到的错误点。
- 项目启动后,加载报错。
错误原因:由于spring-mvc.xml 文件扫描包的范围定义不对。
<!-- 开启spring的扫描注入,使用如下注解 -->
<!-- @Component,@Repository,@Service,@Controller-->
<!-- 错误点 com.hf.controller 不能扫描到service ,dao等-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hf.controller"/>
解决方法:去掉controller 层包。
<!-- 开启spring的扫描注入,使用如下注解 -->
<!-- @Component,@Repository,@Service,@Controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hf"/>
- 项目访问时,报错
报错原因:请求类型不正确
解决,地址栏请求属于get请求。