1、什么是关联?
1-1:关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联,那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
1-2:关联的分类:关联可以分为一对一、一对多/多对一、多对多关联
关联是有方向的
2、级联新增:(例子)
2-1:建立订单(Order)与订单项(OrderItem)的实体类:
package com.zking.four.entity;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
//定义一对多的关系时,一定需要采用接口方式,不许使用实现类
private Set<OrderItem> orderItems = new HashSet<OrderItem>();
//0代表懒加载 1代表立即加载
private Integer initOrderItems = 0;
public Integer getInitOrderItems() {
return initOrderItems;
}
public void setInitOrderItems(Integer initOrderItems) {
this.initOrderItems = initOrderItems;
}
public Set<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(Set<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
}
订单项:OrderItem
package com.zking.four.entity;
public class OrderItem {
private Integer order_item_id;
private Integer product_id;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;//外键
//订单
private Order order;
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
public Integer getOrder_item_id() {
return order_item_id;
}
public void setOrder_item_id(Integer order_item_id) {
this.order_item_id = order_item_id;
}
public Integer getProduct_id() {
return product_id;
}
public void setProduct_id(Integer product_id) {
this.product_id = product_id;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
}
2-2:配置实体类的xml:
order.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class table="t_hibernate_order" name="com.zking.four.entity.Order">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no"></property>
<!--
一个订单对应多个订单项
cascade :用来配置维护实体类之间的关系所有
inverse:关系交由反方控制
name="orderItems" 放的是你实体类里定义的
cascade="save-update" 级联保存以及修改
lazy="false":立即加载
-->
<set lazy="false" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- 填外键 从表的id-->
<key column="oid"></key>
<!-- 一对多的关系 -->
<one-to-many class="com.zking.four.entity.OrderItem"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.hbm.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class table="t_hibernate_order_item" name="com.zking.four.entity.OrderItem">
<id name="order_item_id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="product_id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id"></property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity"></property>
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false"></property>
<!-- 多对一 -->
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.zking.four.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
2-3:新增Dao:
/**
* 增加订单项
* @param orderItem
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer) session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
测试:
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem orderItem = new OrderItem();
orderItem.setProduct_id(35);
orderItem.setQuantity(22);
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(1);
orderItem.setOrder(order);
this.orderdao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
}
2-4:级联新增:
/**
* 增加订单项的同时增加订单
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer) session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
测试:我这里增加一个订单的同时,新增6个订单项数据。
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo("p2");
OrderItem orderItem;
//循环加入6条数据到订单项
for (int i = 1; i < 7; i++) {
orderItem = new OrderItem();
orderItem.setProduct_id(i);
orderItem.setQuantity(i);
//把订单项加到订单里面
order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
orderItem.setOrder(order);
}
this.orderdao.addOrder(order);
}
新增注意:
外键处理的三种方式
1、删除从表对应的实体类中的外键属性
2、在配置的xml中外键属性上添加 insert=false,update=false的设置。
3、在配置的xml中的manyToOne标签中添加insert=false,update=false的设置。
级联新增 casecade=save-update 介绍
3、级联查询:(例子):
3-1:单个查询:
/**
* 查询单个订单
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitOrderItems())) {
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
测试:
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(3);
Order o = this.orderdao.getOrder(order);
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
for (OrderItem ot : o.getOrderItems()) {
System.out.println(ot.getProduct_id());
}
}
3-2:查询所有:
/**
* 查询所有
* @return
*/
public List<Order> getOrderList(){
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
测试:
/**
* 查询所有
*/
@Test
public void testOrderList() {
List<Order> list = this.orderdao.getOrderList();
for (Order o : list) {//遍历订单
System.out.println(o.getOrderNo());
System.out.println(o.getOrderItems().size());
for (OrderItem ot : o.getOrderItems()) {//再遍历订单项
System.out.println(ot.getProduct_id());
}
}
}
级联查询时的问题
Lazy=true介绍 查单个时存在问题
Lazy=false介绍 查所有时存在问题
解决方案:通过字段控制,强制加载。Hibernate.initialize()
4、普通删除:
/**
* 删除
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
//先查询一波,再删除
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem ot : o.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(ot);//删除订单项
}
session.delete(o);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
测试:
/**
* 删除
*/
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderId(1);
this.orderdao.delOrder(order);
}
注意:
多方的CRUD与没有建立关联关系之前的操作一致
一方的CRUD与没有建立关联关系之前的操作有变化
D:删除一方之前先删除多方
C:级联操作
R:代码控制多方