python day3

p33

1 列表的创建：
 >>> a = [0,1,2,3,"day"]
>>> a[0]
0
>>> a[3]
3
>>> a[4]
'day'
>>> 

2  用list 转化成列表：
>>> a = list(range(10))
>>> a
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> a = list("renshanwen")
>>> a
['r', 'e', 'n', 's', 'h', 'a', 'n', 'w', 'e', 'n']
>>> 

3  通过range() 创建整数列表：
range([start],[end],[step])
注意：range 返回的是range对象，不是列表。需要用list（）方法将其转化成列表。
例如：
>>> list(range(3,15,2))
[3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13]
>>> list(range(15,3,-1))
[15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4]

4 推导式生成列表：
>>> a = [x*2 for x in range(5)]
>>> a
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> a = [x*2 for x in range(100) if x%9==0]
>>> a
[0, 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, 126, 144, 162, 180, 198]

p34

1列表元素的增加和删除：
append()方法：
>>> a = [20,30]
>>> a.append(40)
>>> a
[20, 30, 40]

+：
>>> a=[20,40]
>>> id(a)
69048720
>>> a = a+[50]
>>> a
[20, 40, 50]
>>> id(a)
59868944
注：两者的区别在于，后者的存储地址发生了改变。

extend（）方法：
>>> a = [20,40]
>>> id(a)
69048720
>>> a.extend([50])
>>> a
[20, 40, 50]
>>> id(a)
69048720
>>> 

2 元素的插入：
>>> a = [20,30,40,50]
>>> a.insert(2,100)
>>> a
[20, 30, 100, 40, 50]
>>> 

3  乘法扩展：
>>> a = ['sxt',100]
>>> b = a*3
>>> a
['sxt', 100]
>>> b
['sxt', 100, 'sxt', 100, 'sxt', 100]
>>> 

p35:

del删除：
>>> a = [100,200,300]
>>> del a[1]
>>> a
[100, 300]

pop删除：
>>> a = [10,20,30,40]
>>> a.pop()
40
>>> a
[10, 20, 30]
>>> a.pop(0)
10
>>> a
[20, 30]
>>> 

remove ：删除首次出现的元素：
>>> a = [10,20,10,30,10,40]
>>> a.remove(10)
>>> a
[20, 10, 30, 10, 40]
>>> 

p36

列表元素的访问和计数：
index（）获取指定元素首次出现的时候的索引：
格式： index(值，[start],[end])
>>> a = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>> a.index(30,2)
2
>>> a.index(30,3)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#59>", line 1, in <module>
    a.index(30,3)
ValueError: 30 is not in list
>>> a.index(30,-1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#60>", line 1, in <module>
    a.index(30,-1)
ValueError: 30 is not in list
>>> a.index(30,0,2)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#61>", line 1, in <module>
    a.index(30,0,2)
ValueError: 30 is not in list
>>> a.index(30,0,4)
2
>>> 

count() :获得次数：
>>> a = [10,10,10,20,10]
>>> a.count()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#65>", line 1, in <module>
    a.count()
TypeError: count() takes exactly one argument (0 given)
>>> a.count(10)
4


len()：获取长度：
>>> 
>>> a = [10,10,10,20,10]
>>> len(a)
5


判断元素是否存在？？
>>> a = [10,20,39,49]
>>> 10 in a
True
>>> 30 in a
False
>>> 

p37:

切片操作：
>>> a = [10,20,30,40,50,60]
>>> a[:]
[10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
>>> a[1:3:1]
[20, 30]
>>> a[1:5:2]
[20, 40]
>>> 

列表的遍历：
>>> a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,2]
>>> for x in a:
	print(x)	
1
2
3
4
5
6
2
>>> 


复制列表的所有信息：
>>> list1 = [1,2,3,4]
>>> list2 = list1
>>> list2
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> 

p38:

列表排序：

1.修改原列表，不生成新列表：
>>> a = [3,2,4,5,1]
>>> a.sort()
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> a.sort(reverse=True)
>>> a
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
>>> 

2.建立新列表排序：

>>> a = [2,3,1,4,2,5]
>>> a = sorted(a)
>>> a
[1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> a = sorted(a,reverse=True)
>>> a
[5, 4, 3, 2, 2, 1]
>>> 

reverse（）迭代器的用法：
>>> a = [20,10,30,40]
>>> a[::-1]
[40, 30, 10, 20]
>>> a = reversed(a)
>>> a
<list_reverseiterator object at 0x03598690>
>>> list(a)
[40, 30, 10, 20]
>>> 


max  min  返回最大值和最小值：
sum 求和：
>>> a = [10,20,3,40,60]
>>> min(a)
3
>>> max(a)
60
>>> sum(a)
133

p39


二维数组：：

>>> a=[
	[1,2,3],
	[4,5,6],
	[7,8,9],
      ]
>>> a
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
>>> a[1][2]
6