案例代码：sprimngboot备份数据库

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工具类：

public class MySqlBackupRestoreUtils {

	/**
	 * 备份数据库
	 * @param host host地址，可以是本机也可以是远程
	 * @param userName 数据库的用户名
	 * @param password 数据库的密码
	 * @param savePath 备份的路径
	 * @param fileName 备份的文件名
	 * @param databaseName 需要备份的数据库的名称
	 * @return
	 * @throws IOException 
	 */
	public static boolean backup(String host, String userName, String password, String backupFolderPath, String fileName,
			String database) throws Exception {
		File backupFolderFile = new File(backupFolderPath);
		if (!backupFolderFile.exists()) {
			// 如果目录不存在则创建
			backupFolderFile.mkdirs();
		}
		if (!backupFolderPath.endsWith(File.separator) && !backupFolderPath.endsWith("/")) {
			backupFolderPath = backupFolderPath + File.separator;
		}
		// 拼接命令行的命令
		String backupFilePath = backupFolderPath + fileName;
		StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
		stringBuilder.append("mysqldump --opt ").append(" --add-drop-database ").append(" --add-drop-table ");
		stringBuilder.append(" -h").append(host).append(" -u").append(userName).append(" -p").append(password);
		stringBuilder.append(" --result-file=").append(backupFilePath).append(" --default-character-set=utf8 ").append(database);
		// 调用外部执行 exe 文件的 Java API
		Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(getCommand(stringBuilder.toString()));
		if (process.waitFor() == 0) {
			// 0 表示线程正常终止
			System.out.println("数据已经备份到 " + backupFilePath + " 文件中");
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

    /**
     * 还原数据库
     * @param restoreFilePath 数据库备份的脚本路径
     * @param host IP地址
     * @param database 数据库名称
     * @param userName 用户名
     * @param password 密码
     * @return
     */
	public static boolean restore(String restoreFilePath, String host, String userName, String password, String database)
			throws Exception {
		File restoreFile = new File(restoreFilePath);
		if (restoreFile.isDirectory()) {
			for (File file : restoreFile.listFiles()) {
				if (file.exists() && file.getPath().endsWith(".sql")) {
					restoreFilePath = file.getAbsolutePath();
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
		stringBuilder.append("mysql -h").append(host).append(" -u").append(userName).append(" -p").append(password);
		stringBuilder.append(" ").append(database).append(" < ").append(restoreFilePath);
		try {
			Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(getCommand(stringBuilder.toString()));
			if (process.waitFor() == 0) {
				System.out.println("数据已从 " + restoreFilePath + " 导入到数据库中");
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	private static String[] getCommand(String command) {
		String os = System.getProperty("os.name");  
		String shell = "/bin/bash";
		String c = "-c";
		if(os.toLowerCase().startsWith("win")){  
			shell = "cmd";
			c = "/c";
		}  
		String[] cmd = { shell, c, command };
		return cmd;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String host = "localhost";
		String userName = "root";
		String password = "123456";
		String database = "mango";
		
		System.out.println("开始备份");
		String backupFolderPath = "c:/dev/";
		String fileName = "mango.sql";
		backup(host, userName, password, backupFolderPath, fileName, database);
		System.out.println("备份成功");
		
		System.out.println("开始还原");
		String restoreFilePath = "c:/dev/mango.sql";
		restore(restoreFilePath, host, userName, password, database);
		System.out.println("还原成功");

	}

}

service层：

@Service
public class MysqlBackupServiceImpl implements MysqlBackupService {

	@Override
	public boolean backup(String host, String userName, String password, String backupFolderPath, String fileName,
			String database) throws Exception {
		return MySqlBackupRestoreUtils.backup(host, userName, password, backupFolderPath, fileName, database);
	}

	@Override
	public boolean restore(String restoreFilePath, String host, String userName, String password, String database)
			throws Exception {
		return MySqlBackupRestoreUtils.restore(restoreFilePath, host, userName, password, database);
	}

}

@Component  
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mango.backup.datasource")  
public class BackupDataSourceProperties {
	
	private String host;
	private String userName;
	private String password;
	private String database;
	public String getHost() {
		return host;
	}
	public void setHost(String host) {
		this.host = host;
	}
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	public String getDatabase() {
		return database;
	}
	public void setDatabase(String database) {
		this.database = database;
	}
	
}  

常量：

public interface BackupConstants {
	
	/** 备份目录名称 */
	public static final String BACKUP_FOLDER_NAME = "_my_backup";
	/** 备份目录 */
	public static final String BACKUP_FOLDER = System.getProperty("user.home") + File.separator + BACKUP_FOLDER_NAME + File.separator;
	/** 还原目录，默认就是备份目录 */
	public static final String RESTORE_FOLDER = BACKUP_FOLDER;
	/** 日期格式 */
	public static final String DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd_HHmmss";
	/** SQL拓展名 */
	public static final String SQL_EXT = ".sql";
	/** 默认备份文件名 */
	public static final String BACKUP_FILE_NAME = "my" + SQL_EXT;
	/** 默认备份还原目录名称 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME = "backup";
	/** 默认备份还原文件 */
	public static final String DEFAULT_RESTORE_FILE = BACKUP_FOLDER + DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME + File.separator + BACKUP_FILE_NAME;
	
}

controller:

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/backup")
public class MySqlBackupController {

	@Autowired
	MysqlBackupService mysqlBackupService;
	@Autowired
	BackupDataSourceProperties properties;

	@GetMapping("/backup")
	public HttpResult backup() {
		String backupFodlerName = BackupConstants.DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME + "_" + (new SimpleDateFormat(BackupConstants.DATE_FORMAT)).format(new Date());
		return backup(backupFodlerName);
	}

	private HttpResult backup(String backupFodlerName) {
		String host = properties.getHost();
		String userName = properties.getUserName();
		String password = properties.getPassword();
		String database = properties.getDatabase();
		String backupFolderPath = BackupConstants.BACKUP_FOLDER + backupFodlerName + File.separator;
		String fileName = BackupConstants.BACKUP_FILE_NAME;
		try {
			boolean success = mysqlBackupService.backup(host, userName, password, backupFolderPath, fileName, database);
			if(!success) {
				HttpResult.error("数据备份失败");
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			return HttpResult.error(500, e.getMessage());
		}
		return HttpResult.ok();
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/restore")
	public HttpResult restore(@RequestParam String name) throws IOException {
		String host = properties.getHost();
		String userName = properties.getUserName();
		String password = properties.getPassword();
		String database = properties.getDatabase();
		String restoreFilePath = BackupConstants.RESTORE_FOLDER + name;
		try {
			mysqlBackupService.restore(restoreFilePath, host, userName, password, database);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			return HttpResult.error(500, e.getMessage());
		}
		return HttpResult.ok();
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/findRecords")
	public HttpResult findBackupRecords() {
		if(!new File(BackupConstants.DEFAULT_RESTORE_FILE).exists()) {
			// 初始默认备份文件
			backup(BackupConstants.DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME);
		}
		List<Map<String, String>> backupRecords = new ArrayList<>();
		File restoreFolderFile = new File(BackupConstants.RESTORE_FOLDER);
		if(restoreFolderFile.exists()) {
			for(File file:restoreFolderFile.listFiles()) {
				Map<String, String> backup = new HashMap<>();
				backup.put("name", file.getName());
				backup.put("title", file.getName());
				if(BackupConstants.DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME.equalsIgnoreCase(file.getName())) {
					backup.put("title", "系统默认备份");
				}
				backupRecords.add(backup);
			}
		}
		// 排序，默认备份最前，然后按时间戳排序，新备份在前面
		backupRecords.sort((o1, o2) -> BackupConstants.DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME.equalsIgnoreCase(o1.get("name")) ? -1
				: BackupConstants.DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME.equalsIgnoreCase(o2.get("name")) ? 1 : o2.get("name").compareTo(o1.get("name")));
		return HttpResult.ok(backupRecords);
	}
	
	@GetMapping("/delete")
	public HttpResult deleteBackupRecord(@RequestParam String name) {
		if(BackupConstants.DEFAULT_BACKUP_NAME.equals(name)) {   	
			return HttpResult.error("系统默认备份无法删除!");
		}
		String restoreFilePath = BackupConstants.BACKUP_FOLDER + name;
		try {
			FileUtils.deleteFile(new File(restoreFilePath));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			return HttpResult.error(500, e.getMessage());
		}
		return HttpResult.ok();
	}

}