Kubernetes——标签

标签管理

• 标签是什么

  • 标签(Labels)是附加到Kubernetes对象上的健值对

• 标签的用途

  • 标签能够以松散耦合的方式将他们自己的组织结构映射到系统对象，而无需客户端存储这些映射
  • 标签可以在创建时附加到对象，也可以在创建后随时添加和修改。标签可以用于组织和选择对象的子集

• 管理标签语法格式

  kubectl label 资源类型 [资源名称] [选项/参数]

  • 查看标签

    kubectl get 资源类型 [资源名称] --show-labels

  • 设置标签

    kubectl label 资源类型 [资源名称] <label-key>=<label-value>

  • 删除标签

    kubectl label 资源类型 [资源名称] <label-key>-

# 查询资源对象标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     LABELS
myhttpd   1/1     Running   0          2m34s   <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces --show-labels 
NAME              STATUS   AGE     LABELS
default           Active   3h44m   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=default
kube-node-lease   Active   3h44m   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-node-lease
kube-public       Active   3h44m   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-public
kube-system       Active   3h44m   kubernetes.io/metadata.name=kube-system
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels 
NAME        STATUS   ROLES                  AGE     VERSION   LABELS
master      Ready    control-plane,master   3h44m   v1.22.5   kubernetes.io/hostname=master ... ...
node-0001   Ready    <none>                 3h38m   v1.22.5   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0001 ... ...
node-0002   Ready    <none>                 3h38m   v1.22.5   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0002 ... ...
node-0003   Ready    <none>                 3h38m   v1.22.5   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0003 ... ...

# 使用标签过滤资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes -l kubernetes.io/hostname=master
NAME     STATUS   ROLES                     AGE     VERSION
master   Ready    control-plane,master      3h38m   v1.22.5

# 为资源对象添加标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
myhttpd   1/1     Running   0          14m   <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl label pod myhttpd app=apache
pod/myhttpd labeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
myhttpd   1/1     Running   0          14m   app=apache

# 删除标签
[root@master ~]# kubectl label pod myhttpd app-
pod/myhttpd labeled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
myhttpd   1/1     Running   0          14m   <none>

资源文件中配置标签

[root@master ~]# vim myhttpd.yaml 
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myhttpd
  labels:               # 声明标签
    app: apache         # 标签键值对
spec:
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
  restartPolicy: Always
  containers:
  - name: apache
    image: myos:httpd
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      containerPort: 80

ot@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myhttpd.yaml
pod "myhttpd" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myhttpd.yaml  
pod/myhttpd created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
myhttpd   1/1     Running   0          14m   app=apache

基于标签的调度

• 标签选择运算符
  • 与名称和UID不同，标签不支持唯一性。通常，我们希望许多对象携带相同的标签
  • 通过标签选择算符，客户端/用户可以识别一组对象
  • 标签选择算符可以由多个需求组成。在多个需求的情况下，必须满足所有要求，相当于逻辑与(&&)运算符

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes node-0002 --show-labels 
NAME        STATUS   ROLES     AGE     VERSION   LABELS
node-0002   Ready    <none>    3h38m   v1.22.5   kubernetes.io/hostname=node-0002 ... ...

[root@master ~]# vim myhttpd.yaml 
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myhttpd
  labels:
    app: apache
spec:
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 0
  restartPolicy: Always
  nodeSelector:                        # 基于节点标签进行调度
    kubernetes.io/hostname: node-0002  # 标签
  containers:
  - name: apache
    image: myos:httpd
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      containerPort: 80

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myhttpd.yaml 
pod "myhttpd" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myhttpd.yaml  
pod/myhttpd created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -l app=apache -o wide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myhttpd   1/1     Running   0          9s    10.244.2.4   node-0002