Docker 常用命令

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 22:10:05 发布

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分类专栏： docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41359563/article/details/119422760

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Docker 常用命令

docker命令官方文档

一、基础命令

docker version    显示docker的版本信息
docker info       显示docker的详细信息
docker --help	  查看docker帮助命令

二、镜像命令
docker images 查看本地主机的所有镜像

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   11 months ago   13.3kB

#解释:
1.REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
2.TAG      镜像的标签
3.IMAGE ID 镜像的id
4.CREATED  镜像的创建时间
5.SIZE     镜像的大小

# 可选参数
-a/--all   列出所有镜像
-q/--quiet 只显示镜像的id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10308     [OK]
mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3819      [OK]
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   754                  [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   517       [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   86
mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   79
centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   60                   [OK]


#可选参数

Search the Docker Hub for images

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
      
      
#搜索收藏数大于3000的镜像
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   10308     [OK]
mariadb   MariaDB is a community-developed fordockerk of MyS…   3819      [OK]

docker pull 镜像名[:tag] 下载镜像

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest            #如果不写tag默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec7b7d162b2: Pull complete          #分层下载,docker image的核心-联合文件系统
fedd960d3481: Pull complete
7ab947313861: Pull complete
64f92f19e638: Pull complete
3e80b17bff96: Pull complete
014e976799f9: Pull complete
59ae84fee1b3: Pull complete
ffe10de703ea: Pull complete
657af6d90c83: Pull complete
98bfb480322c: Pull complete
6aa3859c4789: Pull complete
1ed875d851ef: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:78800e6d3f1b230e35275145e657b82c3fb02a27b2d8e76aac2f5e90c1c30873 #签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest  #下载来源的真实地址  #docker pull mysql等价于docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

docker pull mysql:5.7 指定版本下载

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec7b7d162b2: Already exists
fedd960d3481: Already exists
7ab947313861: Already exists
64f92f19e638: Already exists
3e80b17bff96: Already exists
014e976799f9: Already exists
59ae84fee1b3: Already exists
7d1da2a18e2e: Pull complete
301a28b700b9: Pull complete
529dc8dbeaf3: Pull complete
bc9d021dc13f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c3a567d3e3ad8b05dfce401ed08f0f6bf3f3b64cc17694979d5f2e5d78e10173
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

#1.删除指定的镜像id
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker rmi -f  镜像id
#2.删除多个镜像id
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker rmi -f  镜像id 镜像id 镜像id
#3.删除全部的镜像id
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker rmi -f  $(docker images -aq)

三、容器命令

docker pull 容器名字如拉取一个容器

docker pull centos

docker run [可选参数] image 运行容器

docker run [可选参数] image

#参数说明
--name="名字"           指定容器名字
-d                     后台方式运行
-it                    使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p                     指定容器的端口
(
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口  配置主机端口映射到容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
)
-P                     随机指定端口(大写的P)

docker run -it centos /bin/bash 进入容器

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bd1b8900c547 /]# ls      
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

exit 退出容器

#exit 停止并退出容器（后台方式运行则仅退出）
#Ctrl+P+Q  不停止容器退出
[root@bd1b8900c547 /]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]#

docker ps 列出运行过的容器

#docker ps 
     # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a   # 列出所有容器的运行记录
-n=? # 显示最近创建的n个容器
-q   # 只显示容器的编号


[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
bca129320bb5   centos         "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago             optimistic_shtern
bd1b8900c547   centos         "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 minutes ago             cool_tesla
cf6adbf1b506   bf756fb1ae65   "/hello"      5 hours ago     Exited (0) 5 hours ago               optimistic_darwin

docker rm 删除容器

docker rm 容器id                 #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,强制删除使用 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id          #启动容器
docker restart 容器id        #重启容器
docker stop 容器id           #停止当前运行的容器
docker kill 容器id           #强制停止当前容器

四、其他常用命令
日志查看命令
1、docker logs --help 查看日志帮助命令

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker logs --help
Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

2、docker logs -tf 根据容器ID查看日志
3、docker logs --tail number 容器id #num为要显示的日志条数

#docker容器后台运行，必须要有一个前台的进程，否则会自动停止
#编写shell脚本循环执行，使得centos容器保持运行状态
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done"
c703b5b1911ff84d584390263a35707b6024816e1f46542b61918a6327a570dc
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c703b5b1911f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   13 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds             pedantic_banach
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 c703b5b1911f
2020-12-27T03:34:07.255599560Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:12.257641517Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:17.259706294Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:22.261693707Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:27.262609289Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:32.267862677Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:37.270382873Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:42.272414182Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:47.274823243Z hi
2020-12-27T03:34:52.277419274Z hi

5、docker top 进程号容器中进程信息

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker top c703b5b1911f
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                11156               11135               0                   11:31               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root                11886               11156               0                   11:43               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5

6、docker inspect 容器id 容器的元数据

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker inspect 容器id

7、docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash 进入容器修改配置
方式1:

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# ps -ef      
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 03:31 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hi;sleep 5;done
root       279     0  0 03:54 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       315     1  0 03:56 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
root       316   279  0 03:56 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

8、docker attach c703b5b1911f 进入正在执行的容器内部
方式2:

[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker attach c703b5b1911f

总结：

docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

9、docker cp 容器id:容器内路径目的主机路径拷贝容器的文件到主机中

案例：
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker exec -it c703b5b1911f /bin/bash
[root@c703b5b1911f /]# cd home
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
#touch 新建文件
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# touch test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# ls
test.java
[root@c703b5b1911f home]# exit
exit
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c703b5b1911f   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   35 minutes ago   Up 35 minutes             pedantic_banach
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker cp c703b5b1911f:/home/test.java /home
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# ls /home
hai  pan  test.java

五、图形化管理工具Portaniner安装
说明： Portaniner是Docker的图形化管理工具，类似的工具还有Rancher(CI/CD再用)

拉取镜像 docker pull portainer
运行Portaniner镜像并运行，设置本机映射端口为8088

[root@localhost conf]# docker run -d -p 8088:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
Unable to find image 'portainer/portainer:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from portainer/portainer
94cfa856b2b1: Pull complete
49d59ee0881a: Pull complete
a2300fd28637: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fb45b43738646048a0a0cc74fcee2865b69efde857e710126084ee5de9be0f3f
Status: Downloaded newer image for portainer/portainer:latest
8c525a0137be22965bd1e3944da622a2c4248f8ad20883f4b3ea4f8a6b11e163
[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND        CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                    NAMES
7789d4505a00   portainer/portainer   "/portainer"   6 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds   0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp   quirky_sinoussi

第一次登录设置admin用户的密码
在这里插入图片描述
选择连接本地的Docker,整体界面预览如下图：

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Docker 常用命令

docker 常用命令docker命令官方文档一、基础命令docker version 显示docker的版本信息docker info 显示docker的详细信息docker --help 查看docker帮助命令二、镜像命令docker images 查看本地主机的所有镜像[root@iZwz99sm8v95sckz8bd2c4Z ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED
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