Android入门 持久化技术 文件存储

文件存储是 Android 中最基本的一种数据存储方式，它不对存储的内容进行任何的格式化处理，所有数据都是原封不动地保存到文件当中的，因而它比较适合用于存储一些简单的文本数据或二进制数据。如果你想使用文件存储的方式来保存一些较为复杂的文本数据，就需要定义一套自己的格式规范，这样方便于之后将数据从文件中重新解析出来。

案例：

布局文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/saveButton"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#34718E"
        android:text="Save"
        app:backgroundTintMode="multiply"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textView"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.247"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="Message"
        android:inputType="textPersonName"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/saveButton"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/readButton"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#673AB7"
        android:text="Read"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/textView"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.758"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

其对应Activity文件如下：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    final String fileName = "aa";
    Button saveButton;
    EditText editText;
    TextView textView;
    Button readButton;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        saveButton = findViewById(R.id.saveButton);
        editText = findViewById(R.id.editText);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        readButton = findViewById(R.id.readButton);
        saveButton.setOnClickListener(new SaveButtonActionListener());
        readButton.setOnClickListener(new ReadButtonActionListener());
    }

    class SaveButtonActionListener implements View.OnClickListener {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            textView.setText(editText.getText().toString());
            save();
        }
    }

    class ReadButtonActionListener implements View.OnClickListener {
        @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            textView.setText(read());
        }
    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
    private String read() {
        FileInputStream inputStream = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        try {
            inputStream = openFileInput("aa");
            // 字节流与字符流的转换
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
            bufferedReader.lines().forEach(s -> {
                buffer.append(s).append("\n");
            });
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bufferedReader != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                    if (inputStream != null) {
                        inputStream.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return buffer.toString();
    }

    public void save() {
        FileOutputStream outputStream = null;
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = null;
        try {
            // Context.MODE_APPEND 追加
            // Context.MODE_PRIVATE 覆盖
            outputStream = openFileOutput("aa", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            // 字节流与字符流的转换
            bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream));
            bufferedWriter.write(editText.getText().toString() + "\n");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bufferedWriter != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedWriter.close();
                    if (outputStream != null) {
                        outputStream.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

通过以上内容可以实现将 TextView 中的内容保存到文件中，并读取内容。

核心API：

1. openFileOutput
   
2. openFileInput
   

完！