Java集合之TreeSet集合

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前言

TreeSet集合底层数据结构采用红黑树实现，元素唯一且已经排好序。
TreeSet集合继承了AbstractSet类，实现了NavigableSet接口。其框架图如下：

蓝色代表接口，黑体代表类。

一、TreeSet集合初始化

• TreeSet()：无参构造，初始容量为0。源码如下：

   /**
     * Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the
     * natural ordering of its elements.  All elements inserted into
     * the set must implement the {@link Comparable} interface.
     * Furthermore, all such elements must be <i>mutually
     * comparable</i>: {@code e1.compareTo(e2)} must not throw a
     * {@code ClassCastException} for any elements {@code e1} and
     * {@code e2} in the set.  If the user attempts to add an element
     * to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user
     * attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are
     * integers), the {@code add} call will throw a
     * {@code ClassCastException}.
     */
    public TreeSet() {
   
        this(new TreeMap<E,Object>());
    }

该构造函数调用了TreeSet集合中的另一个有参构造，其参数可以是NavigableMap接口的任何实现类。

• TreeSet(NavigableMap<E,Object> m)：有参构造，参数是NavigableMap接口的实现类。源码如下：

  /**
     * Constructs a set backed by the specified navigable map.
     */
    TreeSet(NavigableMap<E,Object> m) {
   
        this.m = m;
    }

初始化本集合中的m变量，那m变量是啥呢？源码如下:

/**
     * The backing map.
     */
    private transient NavigableMap<E,Object> m;

该m变量是NavigableMap类型。所以，通过这两个构造函数可以看出TreeSet集合底层就是NavigableMap的各种实现类。

• TreeSet(Collection<? extends E> c)：有参构造，参数可以是List、Set接口的所有实现类。源码如下：

   /**
     * Constructs a new tree set containing the elements in the specified
     * collection, sorted according to the <i>natural ordering</i> of its
     * elements.  All elements inserted into the set must implement the
     * {@link Comparable} interface.  Furthermore, all such elements must be
     * <i>mutually comparable</i>: {@code e1.compareTo(e2)} must not throw a
     * {@code ClassCastException} for any elements {@code e1} and
     * {@code e2} in the set.
     *
     * @param c collection whose elements will comprise the new set
     * @throws ClassCastException if the elements in {@code c} are
     *         not {@link Comparable}, or are not mutually comparable
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public TreeSet(Collection<? extends E>