在运用xpath寻找定位html元素的时候,不定位具体属性的时候返回的是一个列表,这个列表里面的元素是字典,直接遍历打印这个列表会出现如下错误:
import requests
from lxml import etree
url = 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=jingdong1&tn=96327163_hao_pg'
head = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36'
}
res = requests.get(url,headers = head)
ahtml = etree.HTML(res.text)
blocks = ahtml.xpath('//*[@id="3001"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/a')
#打印整个a标签的html源码
content = etree.tostring(blocks[0])
print(content)
# 如果直接打印block或者循环遍历打印blocks的话会得到如下结果,这明显是不对的
print(blocks)
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\pythonsou>D:/pythonI-nstall/python.exe c:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/pythonsou/JD_spider/test.py
<Element img at 0x391b248>
#因为blocks是一个列表,而若用下面这种打印方法,不能够得到这整个标签的html代码
for block in blocks:
打印各属性标签tag,标签里面的属性attrib,以及标签中的文本text
print(block.tag)
print(block.attrib)
print(block.text)
#得到
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\pythonsou>D:/pythonI-nstall/python.exe c:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/pythonsou/JD_spider/test.py
img
{'class': 'c-img c-img6', 'src': 'https://ss2.bdstatic.com/8_V1bjqh_Q23odCf/pacific/1892477896.jpg'}
None
#利用etree.tostring()才能得到这整个标签的html源码
blocks = ahtml.xpath('//*[@id="3001"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/a/img') #列表blocks
content = etree.tostring(blocks[0])
print(content)
#获取img这个标签的html源码结果如下
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\pythonsou>D:/pythonI-nstall/python.exe c:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/pythonsou/JD_spider/test.py
b'<img class="c-img c-img6" src="https://ss2.bdstatic.com/8_V1bjqh_Q23odCf/pacific/1892477896.jpg"/>'