python笔记(Django restframework 视图初见序列化，与认证组件)

前期总结

1. FBV和CBV

   

2. 请求方式

   
   注释：put请求：更新请求，完全更新
   patch请求：更新请求，部分更新

3. 一个类和父类邮相同的方法想要调用父类的方法
   

4. 将model对象转化为字典
   

一、序列化

from app01.serilizer import *
class PublishView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):

        # restframework
        # 取数据
        # print("request.data", request.data)
        # print("request.data type", type(request.data))
        # print(request._request.GET)
        # print(request.GET)
        # 序列化
        # 方式1：
        # publish_list=list(Publish.objects.all().values("name","email"))

        # 方式2：
        # from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
        # publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
        # temp=[]
        # for obj in publish_list:
        #     temp.append(model_to_dict(obj))

        # 方式3：
        # from django.core import serializers
        # ret=serializers.serialize("json",publish_list)

        # 序列组件
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
        return Response(ps.data)

二、restframework使用(初级使用)

1. 原生使用
   

2. 引入ModelSerializer

   url

   from django.conf.urls import url
   from django.contrib import admin
   
   
   from app01 import views
   urlpatterns = [
   
       url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
       url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(),name="publish"), #  View:view(request)=====APIView:dispatch()
       url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="detailpublish"), #  View:view(request)=====APIView:dispatch()
   
       url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
       url(r'^books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="detailbook"),
   
   ]
   

   view

   from django.views import View
   from rest_framework.response import Response
   from .models import *
   from rest_framework.views import APIView
   from rest_framework import serializers
   
   class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
           model = Book
           fields = "__all__"
   
   class BookDetailView(APIView):
   
       def get(self,request,id):
   
           book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
           bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
           return Response(bs.data)
   
       def put(self,request,id):
           book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
           bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
           if bs.is_valid():
               bs.save()
               return Response(bs.data)
           else:
               return Response(bs.errors)
   
       def delete(self,request,id):
           Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
   
           return Response()
   
   
   class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
           model=Publish
           fields="__all__"
           
   class PublishDetailView(APIView):
       def get(self, request, pk):
   
           publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
           ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)
           return Response(ps.data)
   
       def put(self, request, pk):
           publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
           ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish, data=request.data)
           if ps.is_valid():
               ps.save()
               return Response(ps.data)
           else:
               return Response(ps.errors)
   
       def delete(self, request, pk):
           Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
   
           return Response()
   

   
   
   
   
   
   
   

   class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
           model = Book
           fields = "__all__"
   
       #publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk")
       publish=serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
               view_name="detailpublish",
               lookup_field="publish_id",
               lookup_url_kwarg="pk",
   
       )
   

   
   

二、restframework使用(中级使用mixins和generics引入)

urls

	   url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view(),name="author"),
	   url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view(),name="detailauthor"),

views


		 from rest_framework import mixins
		 from rest_framework import generics
		
		 class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
		     queryset=Author.objects.all()
		     serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
		
		     def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
		         return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
		     def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
		         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
		
		
		 class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
		     queryset = Author.objects.all()
		     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
		
		     def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
		         return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
		
		     def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
		         return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)
		
		     def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
		         return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)

三、restframework使用(基于类的视图)

 from rest_framework import mixins
 from rest_framework import generics


 class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
     queryset=Author.objects.all()
     serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers

 class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
     queryset = Author.objects.all()
     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

四、认证与权限组件

1. 自定义权限

   def get_random_str(user):
       import hashlib,time
       ctime=str(time.time())
   
       md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8"))
       md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8"))
   
       return md5.hexdigest()
   
   from .models import User
   
   class LoginView(APIView):
   
       def post(self,request):
   
           name=request.data.get("name")
           pwd=request.data.get("pwd")
           user=User.objects.filter(name=name,pwd=pwd).first()
           res = {"state_code": 1000, "msg": None}
           if user:
   
               random_str=get_random_str(user.name)
               token=Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})
               res["token"]=random_str
           else:
               res["state_code"]=1001 #错误状态码
               res["msg"] = "用户名或者密码错误"
   
           import json
           return Response(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))
   

   

   from rest_framework import exceptions
   
   from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
   
   
   from .models import *
   class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):
       def authenticate(self,request):
           token = request.GET.get("token")
           token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
           if not token_obj:
               raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败123!")
           else:
               return token_obj.user.name,token_obj.token
   
   
   class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
       authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,]
       permission_classes = []
       throttle_classes = []# 限制某个IP每分钟访问次数不能超过20次
       queryset = Author.objects.all()
       serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
   

2. 全局视图认证组件

   源码涉及到的知识

   
   
   

   	REST_FRAMEWORK = {
   	    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES": ["app01.utils.TokenAuth",]
   	
   	}  # 认证类的路径
   

   无论什么请求都会走下面这个注册过的认证

   app01/utils/TokenAuth路径

   	from rest_framework import exceptions
   	
   	from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
   	
   	
   	from .models import *
   	class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):
   	    def authenticate(self,request):
   	        token = request.GET.get("token")
   	        token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
   	        if not token_obj:
   	            raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败123!")
   	        else:
   	            return token_obj.user.name,token_obj.token