python笔记(restframework 视图，视图总结)

1. APIView

    class BookView(APIView)：
    	pass
    url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
   
    分析走的类的方法：
    url(r'^books/$', View类下的view,name="books"),
    一旦访问books/:  view(request)======APIView类下的dispatch()====请求方式对应的示例方法()
   

   view.py

   from rest_framework.views import APIView,Response
   from rest_framework import serializers
   from app01 import models
   
   class BooksModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
       class Meta:
           model = models.Book
           fields = "__all__"
           depth = 1
   
   class Bookview(APIView):
       def get(self,request):
           book_list = models.Book.objects.all()
           bs = BooksModelSerializers(book_list,many=True)
           return Response(bs.data)
       def post(self,request):
           bs = BooksModelSerializers(request.data)
           if bs.is_valid():
               return Response()
   

   urls.py

   url(r'^books',views.Bookview.as_view()),
   

2. 访问dispath()过程分析

   初始化操作：
   (1)构建新的request:

     self.request=self.initial_request()
     self.request._request
     self.request.GET
     self.request.data
   

   (2) 执行组件

   认证，权限，频率
   认证：request.user
   self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
     ====认证组件
   self.perform_authentication(request)
      ==== request.user
                ===== 
   				  for authenticator in self.authenticators:  # [TokenAuth(),]
   							try:
   								user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
   							except exceptions.APIException:
   								self._not_authenticated()
   								raise
   
   							if user_auth_tuple is not None:
   								self._authenticator = authenticator
   								self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
   								return
   
   	权限组件
    self.check_permissions(request)
      ===========
   		 for permission in self.get_permissions():
   				if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
   					self.permission_denied(
   						request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None)
   					)
   
     	频率组件
   self.check_throttles(request)
   		
   		  =============
   			for throttle in self.get_throttles():  # [VisitRateThrottle(),]
   					if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
   						self.throttled(request, throttle.wait()) # 受限制
   

   分发：

   	    if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
   			handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
   							  self.http_method_not_allowed)
   	
   		response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
   		
   		return response
   

3. 序列化组件

      class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
   			name = serializers.CharField()
   			email = serializers.CharField()
   	        		
      class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
   			class Meta:
   				model=Publish
   				fields="__all__"
   	
   	# queryset或者model对象-------------》json数据（get请求）
       ps=PublishSerializers(queryset,many=True)
       ps.data # [{},{},{}]
   	
   	ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,many=False)
       ps.data # {}
   	
   	
   	# json数据-------》记录
   	# 添加操作（post请求）
   	ps=PublishSerializers(data=request.data)
   	if ps.is_valid():
   	   ps.save()  # create
   	   
   	# 更新操作（put请求）
   	ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,data=request.data)
   	if ps.is_valid():
   	   ps.save()  # update
   

4. 视图组件

   版本1:(Book表)

   urls.py

   url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
   url(r'^books/(\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="detailbook"),
   

   views.py

   class BookView(APIView):
   	def get(self,request):
   		book_list=Book.objects.all()
   		bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
   		return Response(bs.data)		
   	def post(self,request):
   		# post请求的数据
   		bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
   		if bs.is_valid():
   			print(bs.validated_data)
   			bs.save()# create方法
   			return Response(bs.data)
   		else:
   			return Response(bs.errors)
   
   
   class BookDetailView(APIView):
   
   	def get(self,request,id):
   
   		book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
   		bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
   		return Response(bs.data)
   
   	def put(self,request,id):
   		book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
   		bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
   		if bs.is_valid():
   			bs.save()
   			return Response(bs.data)
   		else:
   			return Response(bs.errors)
   
   	def delete(self,request,id):
   		Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
   
   		return Response()
   

   版本2：(mixIn)

   urls.py

   url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view(),
   url(r'^authors/(\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view(),
   

   views.py

   from rest_framework import mixins
   from rest_framework import generics
   
   class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
   	queryset=Author.objects.all()
   	serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
   
   	def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
   		return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
   	def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
   		return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
   
   
   class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
   	queryset = Author.objects.all()
   	serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
   
   	def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
   		return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
   
   	def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
   		return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)
   
   	def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
   		return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
   

   版本3：基于通用类

   urls.py

   url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
   url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put"
   

   views.py

   from rest_framework import mixins
   from rest_framework import generics
   
   
   class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
   	queryset=Author.objects.all()
   	serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
   
   class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
   	queryset = Author.objects.all()
   	serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
   

   版本4
   urls.py

   url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
   url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update")
   

   views.py

    class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
   		queryset = Author.objects.all()
   		serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
   

   整体流程：

   url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
   url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
   url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin类下的view),
    一旦访问 /authors/:
   		 ViewSetMixin
   	 def  view():
              for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"}
   			handler = getattr(self, action)    # self.list  self.create
   			setattr(self, method, handler)			
   	             
              self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
          
   	APIView类下的self.dispatch
             # 分发
   			if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
   				handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
   								  self.http_method_not_allowed)
   		
   
   			response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.list()
   			
   			return response