TikZ绘图示例——尺规作图: 圆内接正五边形的近似画法

方法

1. 作圆的垂直中心线$AB,CD$;
2. 取$OB$的中点$H$;
3. 以$H$为圆心, $HC$为半径画圆弧交$AB$与$G$点;
4. $CG$即为圆内接正五边形的边长.

图形

代码

\documentclass[tikz,border=3pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections,through}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[]
        % AB, CD为圆的垂直中心线
        \coordinate [label=below left:$A$] (A) at (0,0);
        \coordinate [label=below right:$B$] (B) at (4,0);
        \coordinate [label=above left:$C$] (C) at (2,2);
        \coordinate [label=below right:$D$] (D) at (2,-2);
        \coordinate [label=below right:$O$] (O) at (2,0);
        \draw [name path=o] (O) circle (2);
        \draw [densely dashed,-latex,name path=AB] ($(A)!-.1!(B)$) -- ($(A)!1.1!(B)$);
        \draw [densely dashed,latex-,name path=CD] ($(C)!-.1!(D)$) -- ($(C)!1.1!(D)$);
        \coordinate [label=below:$H$] (H) at ($(O)!.5!(B)$);
        % 标记弧段
        \path [name path=o1] 
        let 
            \p1=($ (H) - (C) $), 
            \n2={veclen(\x1, \y1)}
        in 
            (H) circle (\n2);
        % 找到交点G
        \path [name intersections={of=o1 and AB}] 
            coordinate [label=below right:$G$] (G) at (intersection-1);
        \draw (G) -- (C);
        \draw [-latex] (H) -- ($(H)!1.18!($(C)!.5!(G)$)$);
        % 绘制弧段
        \draw [red]
        let 
            \p1=($ (H) - (C) $), 
            \n2={veclen(\x1, \y1)}
        in 
            (G) arc (180:110:\n2)
            (G) arc (180:185:\n2);

        % 找到其他点
        \path [name path=o2]
        let
            \p2=($ (G) - (C) $),
            \n2={veclen(\x2,\y2)}
        in 
            (C) circle (\n2);
        \path [name intersections={of=o2 and o}]
            coordinate [label=above left:$E$] (E) at (intersection-1);

        \path [name path=o3]
        let
            \p2=($ (G) - (C) $),
            \n2={veclen(\x2,\y2)}
        in 
            (E) circle (\n2);
        \path [name intersections={of=o3 and o}]
            coordinate [] (F) at (intersection-2);

        \path [name path=o4]
        let
            \p2=($ (G) - (C) $),
            \n2={veclen(\x2,\y2)}
        in 
            (F) circle (\n2);
        \path [name intersections={of=o4 and o}]
            coordinate [] (J) at (intersection-2);

        \path [name path=o5]
        let
            \p2=($ (G) - (C) $),
            \n2={veclen(\x2,\y2)}
        in 
            (J) circle (\n2);
        \path [name intersections={of=o5 and o}]
            coordinate [] (K) at (intersection-1);

        % 绘制正五边形
        \draw [thick] (C) -- (E) -- (F) -- (J) -- (K) -- cycle;
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}