《笨方法学PYTHON》——twenty-firstlesson

习题41：来自Percal 25号行星的哥顿人(Gothons)

上一节中有一个知识点，我在上一节也注释了

cities['_find'] = findCity
cityFound = cities['_find'](cities, state)

一个函数也可以作为一个变量，"def findCity"比如这一句创建了一个你可以在任何地方都能使用的变量。在这段代码里，我们首先把函数findCity放到cities的字典中，并将其标记为'_find'。这和我们将州和市关联起来的代码做的事情一样，只不过我们在这里放了一个函数的名称。

所以一旦我们知道findCity是在字典中_find的位置，这就意味着我们可以去调用它。

第二行代码可以分解成如下步骤：

1. Python看到cityFound=于是知道了需要创建一个变量。
2. 然后它读到cities，然后知道了它是一个字典。
3. 然后看到了['_find']，于是Python就从索引找到了字典cities中对应的位置，并且获取了该位置的内容。
4. ['_find']这个位置的内容是我们的函数findCity，所以Python就知道了这里表示一个函数，于是当它碰到(就开始了函数调用。
5. findCity接着从cities中寻找states，并且返回它找到的内容，如果什么都没找到，就返回一个信息说它什么都没找到。
6. Python findCity接受返回的信息，最后将该信息赋值给一开始的cityFound这个变量。

所有代码的阅读方式都是：

1. 从前向后。
2. 从后向前。
3. 逆时针方向。

from sys import exit
from random import randint


def death():
    quips = ["You died. You kinda suck at this.", "Nice job,you died ...jackass.", "Such a luser.",
             "I have a small puppy that's better at this."]
    print(quips[randint(0, len(quips))])
    exit(1)


def centralCorridor():
    print("The Gothons of Planet Percal #25 have invaded your ship and destroyed")
    print("your entire crew. You are the last surviving member and your last")
    print("mission is to get the neutron destruct bomb from the Weapens last")
    print("put it in the bridge,and blow the ship up after getting into an ")
    print("escape pod.")
    print("\n")
    print("You're running down the central corridor to the Weapons Armory when")
    print("a Gothon jumps out,red scoly skin,dark grimy teeth,and evil clown costume")
    print("flowing around his hate filled body.He's blocking the door to the")
    print("Armory and about to pull a weapon to blast you.")
    action = input("> ")
    if action == "shoot!":
        print("Quick on the draw you yank out your blaster and fire it at the Gothon.")
        print("His clown costum is flowing and moving around his body,which throws")
        print("off your aim. Your laser hits his costume but misses him entirely. This")
        print("completely ruins his brand new costume his mother bought him,which")
        print("makes him fly into an insane rage and blast you repeatedly in the face until")
        print("you are dead. Then he eats you.")
        return 'death'
    elif action == "dodge!":
        print("Like a world class boxer you dodge,weave,slip and slide right")
        print("as the Gothon's blaster cranks a laser past your head.")
        print("In the middle of your artful dodge your foot slips and you")
        print("bang your head on the metal wall and pass out.")
        print("You wake up shortly after only to die as the Gothon stomps on")
        print("your head and eats you.")
        return 'death'
    elif action == 'tell a joke':
        print("Lucky for you they made you learn Gothon insults in the academy.")
        print("You tell the one Gothon joke you know:")
        print("Lbhe zbgure vf fb sng,jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr,fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr.")
        print("The Gothon stops,tries not to laugh,then busts out laughing and can't move.")
        print("While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head")
        print("putting him down,then jump through the Weapon Armory door.")
        return 'laser_weapon_armory'
    else:
        print("DOES NOT COMPUTE!")
        return 'centralCorridor'


def laserWeaponArmory():
    print("You do a dive roll into the Weapon Armory,crouch and scan the room")
    print("for more Gothons that might be hiding. It's dead quiet,too quiet.")
    print("You stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the")
    print("neutron bomb in its container. There's a keypad lock on the box")
    print("and you need the code to get the bomb out. If you get the code")
    print("wrong 10 times then the lock closes forever and you cnt't")
    print("get the bomb. The code is 3 digits.")
    code = "%d%d%d" % (randint(1, 9), randint(1, 9), randint(1, 9))
    guess = input("[keypad]> ")
    guesses = 0
    while guess != code and guesses < 10:
        print("BZZZZEDDD!")
        guesses += 1
        guess = input("[keypad]> ")
    if guess == code:
        print("The container clicks open and the seal breaks,letting gas out.")
        print("You grab the neutron bomb and run as fast as you can to the")
        print("bridge where you must place it in the right spot.")
        return 'theBridge'
    else:
        print("The lock buzzes one last time and then you hear a sickening")
        print("melting sound as the mechanism is fused together.")
        print("You decide to sit there,and finally the Gothons blow up the")
        print("ship from their ship and you die.")
        return 'death'


def theBridge():
    print("You burst onto the Bridge with the neutron destruct bomb")
    print("under your arm and surprises 5 Gothons who are trying to")
    print("take control of the ship. Each of them has an even uglier")
    print("clown costume than the last. They haven't pulled their")
    print("weapons out yet,as they see the active bomb under your")
    print("arm and don't want to set it off.")
    action = input('> ')
    if action == "throw the bomb:":
        print("In a panic you throw the bomb at the group of Gothons")
        print("and make a leap for the door. Right as you drop it a")
        print("Gothon shoots you right in the bock killing you.")
        print("As you die you see another Gothon frantically try to disarm")
        print("the bomb.You die knowing they will probably blow up when")
        print("it goes off.")
        return 'death'
    elif action == "slowly place the bomb":
        print("You point your blaster at the bomb under your arm")
        print("and the Gothons put their hands up and start to sweat.")
        print("You inch backward to the door,open it,and then carefully")
        print("place the bomb on the floor,pointing your blaster at it.")
        print("You then jump back through the door,punch the close button")
        print("and blast the lock so the Gothons can't get out.")
        print("Now that the bomb is placed you run to the escape pod to")
        print("get off this tin can.")
        return 'escapePod'
    else:
        print("DOES NOT COMPUTE!")
        return "theBridge"


def escapePod():
    print("You rush through the ship desperately trying to make it to")
    print("the escape pod before the whole ship explodes.It seems like")
    print("hardly any Gothons are on the ship,so your run is clear of")
    print("interference. You get to the chamber with the escape pods,and")
    print("now need to pick one to take. Some of them could be damaged")
    print("but you don't have time to look. There's 5 pods,which one")
    print("do you take?")
    goodPod = randint(1, 5)
    guess = input("[pod #]> ")
    if int(guess) != goodPod:
        print("You jump into pod %s and hit hte eject button." % guess)
        print("The pod escapes out into the void of space,then")
        print("implodes as the hull ruptures,crushing your boby")
        print("into jam jelly.")
        return 'death'
    else:
        print("You jump into pod %s and hit the eject button." % guess)
        print("The pod easily slides out into space heading to")
        print("the planet below. As it flies to the planet,you look")
        print("back and see your ship implode then explode like a")
        print("bright star,taking out the Gothon ship at the same")
        print("time. You won!")
        exit(0)


ROOMS = {'death': death, "centralCorridor": centralCorridor, "laserWeaponArmory": laserWeaponArmory,
         "theBridge": theBridge, "escapePod": escapePod}


def runner(map, start):
    next = start
    while True:
        room = map[next]
        print("\n-------------")
        next = room()


runner(ROOMS, 'centralCorridor')

1. 解释一下返回至下一个房间的工作原理。

2. 创建更多的房间，让游戏规模变大。

3. 除了让每个函数打印自己以外，再学习一下“文档字符串(doc strings)”式的注解。看看你能不能将房间描述写成文档注解，然后修改运行它的代码，让它把文档注解打印出来。

4. 一旦你用了文档注解作为房间描述，你还需要让这个函数打印出用户提示吗？试着让运行函数的代码打出用户提示来，然后将用户输入传递到各个函数。你的函数应该只是一些 if 语句组合，将结果打印出来，并且返回下一个房间。

5. 这其实是一个小版本的“有限状态机(finite state machine)”，找资料阅读了解一下，虽然你可能看不懂，但还是找来看看吧。

 

 

 

 

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