面试题:
自定义with语句:
要求1:可以使用with Mysql(database, user, password) as cursor:
语句获取游标对象cursor,操作cursor即可完成数据库操作;
要求2:Mysql类中三个参数分别对应要连接的数据库名、用户名、密码;
要求3:如果数据库操作正常,上下文中自动提交(自动执行commit()方法),关闭游标并且关闭数据库连接;
要求4:如果数据库操作出现异常,上下文中自动回滚(自动执行rollback()方法),关闭游标并且关闭数据库连接,捕获异常并打印报错信息。
(提示定义__init__, enter(上文方法), exit(下文方法)三个方法)
参考代码:
import pymysql
class Mysql(object):
def __init__(self, host="localhost", port=3306, database=None, user=None, password=None, charset="utf8"):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.database = database
self.user = user
self.password = password
self.charset = charset
def __enter__(self):
"""上文管理器"""
try:
self.conn = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, port=self.port, database=self.database, user=self.user,
password=self.password, charset=self.charset)
self.cs = self.conn.cursor()
except Exception as e:
print("捕获异常{}".format(e))
self.conn.rollback()
else:
self.conn.commit()
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
"""下文管理器"""
self.cs.close()
self.conn.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
with Mysql(database='ai01', user='root', password='123456') as cursor:
cursor.cs.execute("select * from students") # 建议使用增删改操作,否则不会自动触发事务
print(cursor.cs.fetchall())