SpringBoot基于RabbitMQ发送邮件
一. 背景
新用户注册成功后，服务器会给用户发一份电子邮件，所以一共有两个模块。一个模块功能是用户注册，另一个模块功能是发送电子邮件。
当用户注册成功，此时服务器会将邮件信息(MailMessage)和路由key发送到交换机中(mail.exchange)，交换机根据路由key再将邮件信息发送到邮件队列(mail.queue)中。发送邮件模板此时会监听该队列，一旦队列中有消息，那么它就会将邮件信息取出来，发送出去。
- 用户注册模块：springboot-mail-broker
- 发送邮件模块：springboot-user-demo
二. 用户注册模块
2.1 添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.2 配置文件
server.port=8082
spring.application.name=springboot-user-demo
#rabbitmq配置
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.74.129
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.password=winter
spring.rabbitmq.username=winter
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=rabbitmq-demo
#消费者的并发数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=10
#消费者的最大并发数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=20
#每个消费者每次监听时可拉取处理的消息数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.direct.prefetch=5
2.3 邮件信息类
- 用于将邮件信息传递到发送模块
public class MailMessage implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 136177995387991971L;
private String to;
private String from;
private String subject;
private String content;
private Date sentDate;
public String getTo() {
return to;
}
public void setTo(String to) {
this.to = to;
}
public String getFrom() {
return from;
}
public void setFrom(String from) {
this.from = from;
}
public String getSubject() {
return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {
this.subject = subject;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public Date getSentDate() {
return sentDate;
}
public void setSentDate(Date sentDate) {
this.sentDate = sentDate;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MailMessage{" +
"to='" + to + '\'' +
", from='" + from + '\'' +
", subject='" + subject + '\'' +
", content='" + content + '\'' +
", sentDate=" + sentDate +
'}';
}
}
2.4 配置RabbitMQ
2.4.1 配置RabbitTemplate
package com.prosay.springboot.config;
@Configuration
public class RabbitmqConfig {
private final static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitmqConfig.class);
@Autowired
private CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
@Bean
public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(){
//消息发送到交换机后，是否调用回调方法
connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true);
//消息从交换机发送到队列，是否调用回调方法
connectionFactory.setPublisherReturns(true);
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(converter());
//消息是否发送到了交换机
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
if (ack) {
log.info("消息发送成功:correlationData({}),ack({}),cause({})", correlationData, ack, cause);
}else{
log.info("消息发送失败:correlationData({}),ack({}),cause({})", correlationData, ack, cause);
}
}
});
//如果调用setReturnCallback方法，那么Mandatory必须为true，否则Exchange没有找到Queue就会丢弃掉消息, 而不会触发回调
rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true);
//消息是否从交换机发送到队列，如果发送失败就会调用returnedMessage方法
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {
log.info("消息丢失:exchange({}),route({}),replyCode({}),replyText({}),message:{}",exchange,routingKey,replyCode,replyText,message);
}
});
return rabbitTemplate;
}
@Bean
public Jackson2JsonMessageConverter converter(){
return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
}
}
2.4.2 配置队列、交换机
@Configuration
public class MailConfigForRabbitMQ {
private static final String MAIL_QUEUE_NAME = "mail_queue";
private static final String MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME = "mail_exchange";
private static final String MAIL_ROUTE_KEY = "mail_route_key";
@Autowired
private Environment environment;
//创建队列
@Bean
public Queue mailQueue(){
return new Queue(MAIL_QUEUE_NAME);
}
//创建交换机
@Bean
public Exchange mailExchange(){
//durable：是否可持久化(RabbitMQ关闭后，下次启动该交换机是否存在)
return new DirectExchange(MAIL_EXCHANGE_NAME, true, false);
}
//绑定交换机和队列
@Bean
public Binding mailBinding(Queue mailQueue, Exchange mailExchange){
return BindingBuilder
.bind(mailQueue)
.to(mailExchange)
.with(MAIL_ROUTE_KEY)
.noargs();
}
}
2.5 控制层
@PostMapping("/register")
@ResponseBody
public Object register(User user) {
System.out.println("注册成功");
MailMessage mail = new MailMessage();
mail.setSubject("Spring Boot");
mail.setContent("这是一封来自Spring Boot的邮件！");
mail.setSentDate(new Date());
mail.setTo("1074593588@qq.com");
mail.setFrom("1074593588@qq.com");
//设置交换机
this.rabbitTemplate.setExchange("mail_exchange");
//设置路由key
this.rabbitTemplate.setRoutingKey("mail_route_key");
Message message = null;
try {
//Message该类是RabbitMQ提供的，将邮件信息mail转化为字节后存储Message的body中，设置 Message的传输模式
message = MessageBuilder.withBody(objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(mail))
.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT)
.build();
//设置Message的头属性，内容格式为json
message.getMessageProperties()
.setHeader(AbstractJavaTypeMapper.DEFAULT_CONTENT_CLASSID_FIELD_NAME, MessageProperties.CONTENT_TYPE_JSON);
//将邮件信息发送到交换机
this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(message);
} catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "注册成功";
}
三. 发送邮件模块
3.1 添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.2 配置文件
server.port=8083
spring.application.name=springboot-mail-broker
#RabbitMQ相关配置
spring.rabbitmq.password=winter
spring.rabbitmq.username=winter
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=rabbitmq-demo
spring.rabbitmq.host=192.168.74.129
#消费者的并发数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=10
#消费者的最大并发数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=20
#每个消费者每次监听时可拉取处理的消息数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.direct.prefetch=5
spring.devtools.restart.enabled=true
#邮件配置
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
spring.mail.username=1074593588@qq.com
spring.mail.password=xttktyjpirsmjbcd
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enbale=true
spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
3.3 监听队列
Component
public class MailServiceImpl {
@Autowired
private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender sender;
//该注解开启监听指定的对列，如果队列中有消息就去出来交给sendSimpleMail方法来处理
@RabbitListener(queues = "mail_queue")
public void sendSimpleMail(@Payload byte[] message) {
try {
MailMessage mailMessage = this.objectMapper.readValue(message, MailMessage.class);//将message，转换为MailMessage对象(自定义)
SimpleMailMessage simpleMailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();
simpleMailMessage.setFrom(mailMessage.getFrom());
simpleMailMessage.setTo(mailMessage.getTo());
simpleMailMessage.setSentDate(mailMessage.getSentDate());
simpleMailMessage.setSubject(mailMessage.getSubject());
simpleMailMessage.setText(mailMessage.getContent());
//发送邮件
this.sender.send(simpleMailMessage);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
四. 总结
-
通过postman发送请求，注册一个用户后，此时服务器会发送邮件信息到交换机，再由交换机根据路由key将信息发送到队列中。此时队列情况如下：
- 此时邮件队列中有一个正在等待被消费的邮件信息。
-
当启动发送邮件模块时，会自动取出队列中的信息，将邮件发送出去，发送完成后，此时队列情况如下：
- 队列中的邮件信息已经被取出消费。
-
至此，一个简单的通过RabbitMQ发送邮件就算完成了。
- 提高性能，快速响应用户。
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