Spring学习（四）—— DI依赖注入

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-08 00:35:44 发布

张宜强

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-08 00:35:44 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 笔记 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41505957/article/details/119461942

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本文详细介绍了Spring框架中的依赖注入概念，并通过实例演示了set注入的各种方式，包括常量、数组、bean、map、set、list和null注入，以及Properties注入。通过创建Maven项目和实体类，展示了如何在配置文件中进行属性注入。

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Spring学习源码：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_41505957/20606092

依赖注入

概念

依赖 : 指Bean对象的创建依赖于容器 . Bean对象的依赖资源 .
注入 : 指Bean对象所依赖的资源 , 由容器来设置和装配 .

set注入

创建Maven项目，创建实体类,set注入使用的是无参构造，必须要有set方法。

Address.java

package com.zhang.bean;

/**
 * @title: Address
 * @Author 张宜强
 * @Date: 2021/7/21 10:32
 * @Effect:
 */
public class Address {
    private  String addRess;

    public Address() {
    }

    public String getAddRess() {
        return addRess;
    }

    public void setAddRess(String addRess) {
        this.addRess = addRess;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "addRess='" + addRess + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Student.java

package com.zhang.bean;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * @title: Student
 * @Author 张宜强
 * @Date: 2021/7/21 10:31
 * @Effect:
 */
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;


    public Student() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "\n name='" + name + '\'' +
                ",\n address=" + address +
                ",\n books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ",\n hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ",\n card=" + card +
                ",\n games=" + games +
                ",\n wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ",\n info=" + info +
                " \n }";
    }
}

set注入各种属性的方式：

常量注入

<property name="name" value="张三"/>

数组注入

<property name="books">
    <array>
        <value>《三国演义》</value>
        <value>《水浒传》</value>
        <value>《红楼梦》</value>
        <value>《西游记》</value>
    </array>
</property>

bean注入

<bean id="address" class="com.zhang.bean.Address">
    <property name="addRess" value="中国"/>
</bean>

<property name="address" ref="address"/>

map注入

<property name="card">
    <map>
        <entry key="身份证" value="1452145214521452145"/>
        <entry key="公交卡" value="152421541354"/>
    </map>
</property>

set注入

<property name="games">
    <set>
        <value>王者荣耀</value>
        <value>部落冲突</value>
    </set>
</property>

list注入

<property name="hobbys" >
    <list>
        <value>打游戏</value>
        <value>打篮球</value>
    </list>
</property>

null注入

<property name="wife"><null/></property>

Properties注入

<property name="info">
    <props>
        <prop key="姓名">张三</prop>
        <prop key="年龄">21</prop>
    </props>
</property>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--bean就是java对象 , 由Spring创建和管理-->

    <bean id="address" class="com.zhang.bean.Address">
        <property name="addRess" value="中国"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.zhang.bean.Student">

<!--        常量注入-->
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>

<!--        数组注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>《三国演义》</value>
                <value>《水浒传》</value>
                <value>《红楼梦》</value>
                <value>《西游记》</value>
            </array>
        </property>

<!--Bean注入-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

<!--        map注入-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="1452145214521452145"/>
                <entry key="公交卡" value="152421541354"/>
            </map>
        </property>

<!--set注入-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>王者荣耀</value>
                <value>部落冲突</value>
            </set>
        </property>

<!--        list注入-->
        <property name="hobbys" >
            <list>
                <value>打游戏</value>
                <value>打篮球</value>
            </list>
        </property>

<!--        null注入-->
        <property name="wife"><null/></property>

<!--        Properties注入-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="姓名">张三</prop>
                <prop key="年龄">21</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

运行结果：

在这里插入图片描述

p命名和c命名

使用p命名需要导入约束

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p

使用c命名需要导入约束

xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

People.java

public class People {
    String name;
    int age;
}

p命名使用无参构造和set方法注入属性，实体类必须药有属性的set方法，当没有有参构造时，可以没有无参构造方法，如果有有参构造，必须添加无参构造；

c命名使用有参构造注入属性，实体类必须有有参构造方法。

<bean id="people" class="com.zhang.bean.People" p:name="张三" p:age="20"/>

<bean id="people1" class="com.zhang.bean.People" c:name="李四" c:age="22"/>

测试方法：

@Test
public void  test2() {
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    People people = context.getBean("people",People.class);
    System.out.println(people);
    People people1 = context.getBean("people1",People.class);
    System.out.println(people1);
}