SpringSecurity

一. SpringSecurity 框架简介

1.概要

Spring 是非常流行和成功的 Java 应用开发框架，Spring Security 正是 Spring 家族中的
成员。Spring Security 基于 Spring 框架，提供了一套 Web 应用安全性的完整解决方
案。
正如你可能知道的关于安全方面的两个主要区域是“认证”和“授权”（或者访问控
制），一般来说，Web 应用的安全性包括用户认证（Authentication）和用户授权
（Authorization）两个部分，这两点也是 Spring Security 重要核心功能。
（1）用户认证指的是：验证某个用户是否为系统中的合法主体，也就是说用户能否访问
该系统。用户认证一般要求用户提供用户名和密码。系统通过校验用户名和密码来完成认
证过程。通俗点说就是系统认为用户是否能登录
（2）用户授权指的是验证某个用户是否有权限执行某个操作。在一个系统中，不同用户
所具有的权限是不同的。比如对一个文件来说，有的用户只能进行读取，而有的用户可以
进行修改。一般来说，系统会为不同的用户分配不同的角色，而每个角色则对应一系列的
权限。通俗点讲就是系统判断用户是否有权限去做某些事情。

2.特点

• 和 Spring 无缝整合。
• 全面的权限控制。
• 专门为 Web 开发而设计。
  • 旧版本不能脱离 Web 环境使用。
  • 新版本对整个框架进行了分层抽取，分成了核心模块和 Web 模块。单独
    引入核心模块就可以脱离 Web 环境。
• 重量级。

3.产品比较Shiro

• 轻量级。Shiro 主张的理念是把复杂的事情变简单。针对对性能有更高要求
  的互联网应用有更好表现。
• 通用性。
  • 好处：不局限于 Web 环境，可以脱离 Web 环境使用。
  • 缺陷：在 Web 环境下一些特定的需求需要手动编写代码定制。

Spring Security 是 Spring 家族中的一个安全管理框架，实际上，在 Spring Boot 出现之 前，Spring
Security 就已经发展了多年了，但是使用的并不多，安全管理这个领域，一直 是 Shiro 的天下。 相对于 Shiro，在 SSM
中整合 Spring Security 都是比较麻烦的操作，所以，Spring Security 虽然功能比 Shiro
强大，但是使用反而没有 Shiro 多（Shiro 虽然功能没有 Spring Security 多，但是对于大部分项目而言，Shiro
也够用了）。 自从有了 Spring Boot 之后，Spring Boot 对于 Spring Security 提供了自动化配置方
案，可以使用更少的配置来使用 Spring Security。

因此，一般来说，常见的安全管理技术栈的组合是这样的：

• SSM + Shiro
• Spring Boot/Spring Cloud + Spring Security

以上只是一个推荐的组合而已，如果单纯从技术上来说，无论怎么组合，都是可以运行
的。

二. SpringSecurity 入门案例

目录结构

pom.xml 依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.sth</groupId>
    <artifactId>securitydemo1</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>securitydemo1</name>
    <description>Spring security Demo1</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency><dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

编写controller

添加一个配置类

启动项目进行访问

启动时会生成密码

• 默认的用户名: user
  输入用户名和密码后
  

SpringSecurity 基本原理

本质是一个过滤器链(有很多过滤器)

从启动是可以获取到过滤器链：

org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFil
ter
org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter 
org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter
org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter
org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter 
org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 
org.springframework.security.web.authentication.ui.DefaultLoginPageGeneratingFilter 
org.springframework.security.web.authentication.ui.DefaultLogoutPageGeneratingFilter
org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter
org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter
org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter 
org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter 
org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter 
org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor

3个主要的过滤器

FilterSecurityInterceptor: 是一个方法级的权限过滤器, 基本位于过滤链的最底部。

super.beforeInvocation(fi) 表示查看之前的 filter 是否通过。
fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());表示真正的调用后台的服务。

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
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package org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import org.springframework.security.access.SecurityMetadataSource;
import org.springframework.security.access.intercept.AbstractSecurityInterceptor;
import org.springframework.security.access.intercept.InterceptorStatusToken;
import org.springframework.security.web.FilterInvocation;

public class FilterSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractSecurityInterceptor implements Filter {
    private static final String FILTER_APPLIED = "__spring_security_filterSecurityInterceptor_filterApplied";
    private FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource securityMetadataSource;
    private boolean observeOncePerRequest = true;

    public FilterSecurityInterceptor() {
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) {
    }

    public void destroy() {
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        this.invoke(new FilterInvocation(request, response, chain));
    }

    public FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource getSecurityMetadataSource() {
        return this.securityMetadataSource;
    }

    public SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource() {
        return this.securityMetadataSource;
    }

    public void setSecurityMetadataSource(FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource newSource) {
        this.securityMetadataSource = newSource;
    }

    public Class<?> getSecureObjectClass() {
        return FilterInvocation.class;
    }

    public void invoke(FilterInvocation filterInvocation) throws IOException, ServletException {
        if (this.isApplied(filterInvocation) && this.observeOncePerRequest) {
            filterInvocation.getChain().doFilter(filterInvocation.getRequest(), filterInvocation.getResponse());
        } else {
            if (filterInvocation.getRequest() != null && this.observeOncePerRequest) {
                filterInvocation.getRequest().setAttribute("__spring_security_filterSecurityInterceptor_filterApplied", Boolean.TRUE);
            }

            InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(filterInvocation);

            try {
                filterInvocation.getChain().doFilter(filterInvocation.getRequest(), filterInvocation.getResponse());
            } finally {
                super.finallyInvocation(token);
            }

            super.afterInvocation(token, (Object)null);
        }
    }

    private boolean isApplied(FilterInvocation filterInvocation) {
        return filterInvocation.getRequest() != null && filterInvocation.getRequest().getAttribute("__spring_security_filterSecurityInterceptor_filterApplied") != null;
    }

    public boolean isObserveOncePerRequest() {
        return this.observeOncePerRequest;
    }

    public void setObserveOncePerRequest(boolean observeOncePerRequest) {
        this.observeOncePerRequest = observeOncePerRequest;
    }
}

ExceptionTranslationWebFilter: 是个异常过滤器，用来处理在认证授权过程中抛出的异常

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
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package org.springframework.security.web.server.authorization;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationCredentialsNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.security.web.server.ServerAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import org.springframework.security.web.server.authentication.HttpBasicServerAuthenticationEntryPoint;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import org.springframework.web.server.WebFilter;
import org.springframework.web.server.WebFilterChain;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;

public class ExceptionTranslationWebFilter implements WebFilter {
    private ServerAuthenticationEntryPoint authenticationEntryPoint = new HttpBasicServerAuthenticationEntryPoint();
    private ServerAccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler;

    public ExceptionTranslationWebFilter() {
        this.accessDeniedHandler = new HttpStatusServerAccessDeniedHandler(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
    }

    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, WebFilterChain chain) {
        return chain.filter(exchange).onErrorResume(AccessDeniedException.class, (denied) -> {
            return exchange.getPrincipal().switchIfEmpty(this.commenceAuthentication(exchange, denied)).flatMap((principal) -> {
                return this.accessDeniedHandler.handle(exchange, denied);
            });
        });
    }

    public void setAccessDeniedHandler(ServerAccessDeniedHandler accessDeniedHandler) {
        Assert.notNull(accessDeniedHandler, "accessDeniedHandler cannot be null");
        this.accessDeniedHandler = accessDeniedHandler;
    }

    public void setAuthenticationEntryPoint(ServerAuthenticationEntryPoint authenticationEntryPoint) {
        Assert.notNull(authenticationEntryPoint, "authenticationEntryPoint cannot be null");
        this.authenticationEntryPoint = authenticationEntryPoint;
    }

    private <T> Mono<T> commenceAuthentication(ServerWebExchange exchange, AccessDeniedException denied) {
        return this.authenticationEntryPoint.commence(exchange, new AuthenticationCredentialsNotFoundException("Not Authenticated", denied)).then(Mono.empty());
    }
}

UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter： 对/login 的 POST 请求做拦截，校验表单中用户
名，密码。

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//

package org.springframework.security.web.authentication;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationServiceException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.web.util.matcher.AntPathRequestMatcher;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

public class UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter extends AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {
    public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_USERNAME_KEY = "username";
    public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_PASSWORD_KEY = "password";
    private static final AntPathRequestMatcher DEFAULT_ANT_PATH_REQUEST_MATCHER = new AntPathRequestMatcher("/login", "POST");
    private String usernameParameter = "username";
    private String passwordParameter = "password";
    private boolean postOnly = true;

    public UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter() {
        super(DEFAULT_ANT_PATH_REQUEST_MATCHER);
    }

    public UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
        super(DEFAULT_ANT_PATH_REQUEST_MATCHER, authenticationManager);
    }

    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
        if (this.postOnly && !request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
            throw new AuthenticationServiceException("Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod());
        } else {
            String username = this.obtainUsername(request);
            username = username != null ? username : "";
            username = username.trim();
            String password = this.obtainPassword(request);
            password = password != null ? password : "";
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
            this.setDetails(request, authRequest);
            return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
        }
    }

    @Nullable
    protected String obtainPassword(HttpServletRequest request) {
        return request.getParameter(this.passwordParameter);
    }

    @Nullable
    protected String obtainUsername(HttpServletRequest request) {
        return request.getParameter(this.usernameParameter);
    }

    protected void setDetails(HttpServletRequest request, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest) {
        authRequest.setDetails(this.authenticationDetailsSource.buildDetails(request));
    }

    public void setUsernameParameter(String usernameParameter) {
        Assert.hasText(usernameParameter, "Username parameter must not be empty or null");
        this.usernameParameter = usernameParameter;
    }

    public void setPasswordParameter(String passwordParameter) {
        Assert.hasText(passwordParameter, "Password parameter must not be empty or null");
        this.passwordParameter = passwordParameter;
    }

    public void setPostOnly(boolean postOnly) {
        this.postOnly = postOnly;
    }

    public final String getUsernameParameter() {
        return this.usernameParameter;
    }

    public final String getPasswordParameter() {
        return this.passwordParameter;
    }
}

---- 未完待续