线程状态以及线程状态的切换

当线程被创建并启动以后，它既不是一启动就进入了执行状态，也不是一直处于执行状态。在线程的生命周期中，有几种状态呢？在API中Java.lang.Thread.State这个枚举中给出了六种线程状态：

		/**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;

分别表示：

线程状态	导致状态发生条件
NEW(新建)	线程刚被创建，但是并未启动。还没调用start方法。MyThread t = new MyThread()只有线程对象，没有线程特征。创建线程对象时
Runnable(可运行)	线程可以在java虚拟机中运行的状态，可能正在运行自己代码，也可能没有，这取决于操作系统处理器。调用了t.start()方法 ：就绪（经典教法）。调用start方法时
Blocked(锁阻塞)	当一个线程试图获取一个对象锁，而该对象锁被其他的线程持有，则该线程进入Blocked状态；当该线程持有锁时，该线程将变成Runnable状态。等待锁对象时
Waiting(无限等待)	一个线程在等待另一个线程执行一个（唤醒）动作时，该线程进入Waiting状态。进入这个状态后是不能自动唤醒的，必须等待另一个线程调用notify或者notifyAll方法才能够唤醒。调用wait()方法时
Timed Waiting(计时等待)	同waiting状态，有几个方法有超时参数，调用他们将进入Timed Waiting状态。这一状态将一直保持到超时期满或者接收到唤醒通知。带有超时参数的常用方法有Thread.sleep 、Object.wait。调用sleep()方法时
Teminated(被终止)	因为run方法正常退出而死亡，或者因为没有捕获的异常终止了run方法而死亡。run方法执行结束时

1. 一定要使用锁对象调用wait()方法,使得线程进入无限等待状态
2. 一定要使用锁对象调用notify()方法或者notifyAll()方法,才能唤醒无限等待线程
3. 调用wait()方法和调用notify()\notifyAll()方法的锁对象要相同(一致)

下图是线程状态切换: