SpringData Jpa 的入门操作
- 导入坐标
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.6.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<!-- springdata 依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el 依赖 使用springdata jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!-- 6. 配置包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ahead" ></context:component-scan>
<!--spring 和 spring data jpa的配置-->
<!-- 1.创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactoty" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!--配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包) -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.ahead.domain" />
<!-- jpa的实现厂家 -->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
</property>
<!--jpa的供应商适配器 -->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 -->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!--指定数据库类型 -->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法 -->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<!--是否显示sql -->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
<!--jpa的方言 :高级的特性 -->
<property name="jpaDialect" >
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--2.创建数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" ></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
</bean>
<!--3.整合spring dataJpa-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.ahead.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoty" ></jpa:repositories>
<!--4.配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoty"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 4.txAdvice-->
<!--
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
5.aop
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.ahead.service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
</aop:config>
-->
<!--5.声明式事务 -->
</beans>
- 编写一个符合springdataJpa的dao 接口
- 只需要编写dao层接口,不需要编写dao层的实现类
- dao层接口规范:
1 需要继承两个接口(JpaRepository,JpaSpecificationExecutor)
2 需要提供响应的泛型
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {}
一些基于jpa提供增删查改
package com.ahead.test;
import com.ahead.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.ahead.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") //指定spring容器配置信息
public class CustomerDaoTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
/*
* 查询用户 根据主键查询
* 参数 主键id
* 结果 用户信息
* */
@Test
public void testFindOne() {
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(2);
System.out.println(customer);
}
/*
* 查询所有用户 根据主键查询
* 结果 所有用户
* */
@Test
public void testFindAll() {
List<Customer> list = customerDao.findAll();
for (Object obj : list) {
System.out.println(obj.toString());
}
}
/*
* 保存或者更新用户
* 如果设置的主键在数据库中不存在则会保存用户,并且会将主键值设置为(表中主键最大的数值+1)
* */
@Test
public void save() {
Customer customer=new Customer();
customer.setId(8);
customer.setName("小朋友");
customer.setAddress("江西南昌");
customer.setEmail("ahosh@qq.com");
customer.setTel("1224435342");
customer.setCreateDate(new Date());
customerDao.save(customer);
}
/*
* 获取数据库中数据的数量
* */
@Test
public void testConunt(){
long count = customerDao.count();
System.out.println(count);
}
/*
*根据用户Id从数据库查询
* Transactional:保证getOne正常运行(如果不添加会执行异常)
*
* findOne() : 底层用的是em.find()方法 立即加载
* getOne() : 底层用的是em.getReference; 延迟加载
* */
@Test
@Transactional
public void testGetone(){
Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(2);
System.out.println(customer);
}
}
SpringData 整合jpa的一些增删查改方法
@Query注解查询适用于所查询的数据无法通过关键字查询得到结果的查询。这种查询可以摆脱像关键字查询那样的约束,将查询直接在相应的接口方法中声明,结构更为清晰,这是Spring Data的特有实现。
/**
* JpaRepository<操作的实体类类型, 实体类主键的类型>
* 封装了基本的CRUD操作
* JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类类型>
* 封装了复杂的查询(分页查询)
*
* 方法名称规则查询
* 是对jpql查询,更加深入的一层封装,我们只需要按照springdata Jpa 提供的方法名称规则定义方法,
* 不需要再去配置jpql语句,完成查询
*/
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
/*
* 对于传入多个参数是可以指定参数占位符的位置 eg:
* from Customer(daomain中的名字) where name = ? 1 and id =? 2 (数字表明顺序(形式参数的顺序))
* */
@Query(value = "from Customer where name = ? and id= ?")
public Customer findByName(String name,int id);
/*
* 更新操作
* */
@Query(value = "update Customer set name = ? where id =?")
@Modifying//这个注解是通知jpa当前操作是删除/更新,不添加会抛异常
public Integer updateDemo(String name ,int id );
/*
* 查询全部
* */
// @Query(value = "select * from Customer ")
// public List<Customer> selectAll( );
/*
* 条件查询
* @Query有两个参数 一个是value(根据nativeQuery的值来写jpql语句还是sql语句)
* 一个是nativeQuery(默认是false) :false(使用jpql语句查询) true(使用sql语句查询)
*
* */
@Query(value = "select * from custorm where name like ?",nativeQuery = true)
public List<Object[]> selectCondition(String name);
/*
* 方法名的约定
* findBy : 查询
* 后面接的是对象中的属性名(首字母大写)--> 查询条件
* 组合起来:findByName 根据名字来查询用户信息
* 流程图是 :springdata jpa 在运行阶段会根据方法名称进行解析
* findBy ---> from xxx(实体类名称) where (查询条件)name =? ;这样的一个jpql语句。
*
* 多条件查询
* findBy +属性名+ +“查询方式”+ “多条件的连接符(and|or)”+属性名+ “查询方式”
* */
public Customer findByName(String name);
//通过name的模糊查询和地址的精准匹配
public List<Customer> findByNameLikeAndAddress(String name,String address);
基于注解@Query常用操作测试类
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") //指定spring容器配置信息
public class JpqlTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
@Test
public void testJpql(){
Customer customer = customerDao.findByName("小朋友",5);
System.out.println(customer);
}
@Test
@Transactional//必须添加事物,不然会导致异常
/*
* 视频上说的是不加这个注解的话会自动回滚,但是我的案例不会出现这个原因,不知道啥情况
* 而且设置true和false都不会回滚,都能直接操作成功数据库中的数据
* */
@Rollback(value = false)
public void testJpqlUpdate(){
Integer demo = customerDao.updateDemo("天Kong翼间", 2);
}
/*
* 查询全部
* */
// @Test
// public void selectAll(){
// List<Customer> customerList= customerDao.selectAll();
// for (Object object:customerList) {
// System.out.println(object.toString() );
// }
// }
/*
* 查询全部
* */
@Test
public void selectByCondition(){
List<Object[]> customerList= customerDao.selectCondition("邓%");
for (Object[] object:customerList) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(object) );
}
}
}
方法名称规则查询测试类
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//声明spring提供的单元测试
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml") //指定spring容器配置信息
public class rulesJpqlTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
@Test
public void findByNameTets(){
Customer customer = customerDao.findByName("邓超");
System.out.println(customer);
}
@Test
public void findMoreCondition(){
List<Customer> customer = customerDao.findByNameLikeAndAddress("邓%","北京市大兴区");
for (Customer customer1 : customer) {
System.out.println(customer1);
}
}
}