JavaEE 三大域对象

什么是域对象?

那些能放数据并存储传递数据作为数据存放区域的对象。

Servlet三大域对象

Request域（HttpServletRequest）：一次请求/请求转发
Session域 （HttpSession）： 一次会话(跨请求)
Application域（ServletContext ）：任意一次请求和会话(跨会话)

三大域对象公共方法：

setAttribute(name,value); 设置修改数据
getAttribute(name);获得数据的方法
removeAttribute(name);移除数据的方法

Request域

有效范围
一次请求内有效,请求转发时数据可以传递,除此之外该域没有办法实现数据共享

生命周期

1. 创建：每发生一次请求创建一个独立的请求域
2. 使用service方法中或者请求转发有效
3. 销毁：请求结束,已经向浏览器响应数据

案例： 向request域中放入数据

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/addToRequest.do")
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 向request域中添加数据
        List<String> x=new ArrayList<>();
        Collections.addAll(x, "a","b","c");
        req.setAttribute("list", x);
        req.setAttribute("gender","boy");
        req.setAttribute("gender","girl");
        req.setAttribute("name","晓明");
        // 请求转发
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/readFromRequest.do").forward(req,resp);
        // 重定向后，失效，因为重定向是让浏览器重新向新的servlet发送请求
        //resp.sendRedirect("readFromRequest.do");
    }
}

案例： request域中读取数据

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/readFromRequest.do")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 移除域中的互数据
        req.removeAttribute("gender");
        // 从request域中读取数据
        List<String> list =(List<String>) req.getAttribute("list");
        System.out.println(list);
        System.out.println(req.getAttribute("gender"));
        System.out.println(req.getAttribute("name"));
        //获取Request中的请求参数
        System.out.println(req.getParameter("username"));
        System.out.println(req.getParameter("password"));
    }
}

Session域

有效范围
单次会话内有效,可以跨多个请求

生命周期

1. 创建 会话的产生,第一次发生请求,会话的开始
2. 使用 本次会话之内,浏览器和服务器之间发生多次请求和响应有效
3. 销毁 会话结束,如:浏览器失去JSESSIONID、到达最大不活动时间、手动清除

案例： Session域中放入数据

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/addToSession.do")
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 向Session域中添加数据
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        List<String> x=new ArrayList<>();
        Collections.addAll(x, "a","b","c");
        session.setAttribute("list", x);
        session.setAttribute("gender","boy");
        session.setAttribute("gender","girl");
        session.setAttribute("name","晓明");
        // 重定向
        resp.sendRedirect("readFromSession.do");
    }
}

案例： 从Session域中读取数据

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/readFromSession.do")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        // 移除域中的互数据
        //session.removeAttribute("gender");
        // 从request域中读取数据
        List<String> list =(List<String>) session.getAttribute("list");
        System.out.println(list);
        System.out.println(session.getAttribute("gender"));
        System.out.println(session.getAttribute("name"));
        //获取Request中的请求参数
        System.out.println(req.getParameter("username"));
        System.out.println(req.getParameter("password"));
    }
}

Application域

有效范围
当前web服务内,跨请求,跨会话

生命周期

1. 创建 项目启动
2. 使用 项目运行任何时间有效
3. 销毁 项目关闭

案例： Application域中放入数据

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/addToApplication.do")
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 向Application域中添加数据
        ServletContext application = req.getServletContext();
        List<String> x=new ArrayList<>();
        Collections.addAll(x, "a","b","c");
        application.setAttribute("list", x);
        application.setAttribute("gender","girl");
        application.setAttribute("name","晓明");
    }
}

案例： Application域中读取数据

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(urlPatterns="/readFromApplication.do")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext application = this.getServletContext();
        // 从application域中读取数据
        List<String> list =(List<String>) application.getAttribute("list");
        System.out.println(list);
        System.out.println(application.getAttribute("gender"));
        System.out.println(application.getAttribute("name"));
    }
}