基于插件实现RabbitMQ“延时队列“

1.官网下载

在添加链接描述下载rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange 插件,本文以v3.10.0为例

1.1.上传安装包

scp /Users/hong/资料/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.10.0.ez  root@10.211.55.4:/usr/local/software

1.2.将文件移入RabbitMQ的安装目录下的plugins目录

mv rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.10.0.ez /usr/local/software/rabbitmq_server-3.10.0/plugins

1.3.安装插件

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange

1.4 重启后验证

rabbitmq-server start

2.两种实现方式图解

3.基于插件的延迟队列配置类

package com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;


/**
 * @Description: 延迟队列配置类
 * @Author: hong
 * @Date: 2024-02-25 20:19
 * @Version: 1.0
 **/
@Configuration
public class DelayedQueueConfig {
    public static final String DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME = "delayed.queue";
    public static final String DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME = "delayed.exchange";
    public static final String DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY = "delayed.routingKey";

    /**
     * 基于延迟插件声明自定义交换机
     * 在自定义的交换机中，这是一种新的交换类型，该类型消息支持延迟投递机制，消息
     * 传递后并不会立即投递到目标队列中，而是存储在mnesia(一个分布式数据系统)表中，
     * 当达到投递时间才会投递到目标队列中
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public CustomExchange delayedExchange(){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("x-delayed-type","direct");
        /**
         * 声明自定义交换机
         * 第1个参数:交换机名称
         * 第2个参数:交换机类型
         * 第3个参数:是否需要持久化
         * 第4个参数:是否需要自动删除
         * 第5个参数:其他参数
         */
        return new CustomExchange(DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME,"x-delayed-message",true,false,map);
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue delayedQueue(){
        return  new Queue(DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding delayedQueueBindingDelayedExchange(@Qualifier("delayedQueue") Queue delayedQueue,
                                  @Qualifier("delayedExchange") CustomExchange delayedExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(delayedQueue).to(delayedExchange).with(DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY).noargs();
    }
}

4.生产者发送消息

    /**
     * 基于延迟插件的发送消息
     * @param message
     * @param delayTime 延迟时间
     */
    @GetMapping("sendDelayMsg/{message}/{delayTime}")
    public void sendMsg(@PathVariable String message, @PathVariable Integer delayTime) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_EXCHANGE_NAME, DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_ROUTING_KEY, message, correlationData -> {
            correlationData.getMessageProperties().setDelay(delayTime);
            return correlationData;
        });
        log.info("当前时间：{},发送一条时长{}毫秒TTL信息给延迟队列delayed.queue:{}", new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) , delayTime, message);
    }

5.消费者端代码

package com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.consumer;

import com.hong.springboot.rabbitmq.config.DelayedQueueConfig;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @Description: 基于延迟插件的延迟消费者
 * @Author: hong
 * @Date: 2024-02-25 21:27
 * @Version: 1.0
 **/
@Slf4j
@Component
public class DelayQueueConsumer {
    @RabbitListener(queues = DelayedQueueConfig.DELAYED_QUEUE_NAME)
    public void receiveDelayMessage(Message message){
        String msg = new String(message.getBody());
        log.info("当前时间：{},收到延迟队列信息{}",new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) , msg);
    }
}

http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendDelayMsg/hello rabbitmq 1/20000
http://localhost:8080/ttl/sendDelayMsg/hello rabbitmq 2/2000

基于插件的延迟与基于死信队列的结果恰好相反更符合预期,因此在实际项目中通常采用延迟插件方式来实现rabbitMQ的延迟队列