http：get/post

/*get请求：
    主线程跳到子线程再跳回主线程    需要添加到 AndroidManifest.xml中 申请权限
主线程另开一个子线程去处理get请求，防止主线程被卡死
调用自定义get方法   用try catch    设置连接属性    获取回复码    如果一致，获取输入流    将输入流转换成字符串
直接在主线程UI上运行，子线程不能对主线程UI进行操作runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {}
post请求：设置运行输入,输出  Post方式不能缓存,需手动设置为false  请求的数据  打包写入
Android 9.0对http请求的限制:
创建安全配置文件：在res文件夹下创建xml/network-security-config文件
                增加cleartextTrafficPermitted属性
添加安全配置文件：AndroidManifest.xml中的Application申明
数据解析：JSONObject是Android官方提供用来解析JSON数据的API。
 */

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

public class NetworkActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private TextView mTextView;
    private Button mButton;
    private static final String TAG = "NetworkActivity";
    private String mResult;
    private Button mParseDataButton;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_network);

        findViews();
        setListeners();

    }

    private void findViews() {
        mTextView = findViewById(R.id.textView);
        mButton = findViewById(R.id.getButton);
        mParseDataButton = findViewById(R.id.parseDataButton);
    }

    private void setListeners() {
        mButton.setOnClickListener(this);
        mParseDataButton.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    //get   主线程跳到子线程再跳回主线程
    //   需要添加到AndroidManifest.xml中  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> 申请权限
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.getButton:
                //主线程另开一个子线程去处理get请求，防止主线程被卡死
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        //输入URL
                        String urlString = "http://www.imooc.com/api/teacher?type=2&page=1";
                       //调用自定义get方法
                        mResult = requestDataByGet(urlString);
                        //直接在主线程UI上运行，子线程不能对主线程UI进行操作
                        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
                                mResult = decode(mResult);//将Unicode字符转换为UTF-8类型字符串
                                mTextView.setText(mResult);//把内容输进去
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }).start();
                break;

                //解析数据
            case R.id.parseDataButton:
                //
                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mResult)) {
                    //处理JSON数据
                    handleJSONData(mResult);
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    //自定义get方法，请求数据获取，输入参数是  URL  字符串
    private String requestDataByGet(String urlString) {
        String result = null;
        //用try catch
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlString);//打开连接
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            //设置连接属性
            connection.setConnectTimeout(30000);
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");  // GET POST
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Charset", "UTF-8");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "UTF-8");
            connection.connect();//

            //获取回复码
            int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                //如果一致，获取输入流
                InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                result = streamToString(inputStream);//将输入流转换成字符串
            } else {
                //获取回复信息
                String responseMessage = connection.getResponseMessage();
                Log.e(TAG, "requestDataByPost: " + responseMessage);
            }

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            //格式错误的 URL 异常
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            //IO异常
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }



    //post请求          "http://www.imooc.com/api/teacher"
    //    ?type=2&page=1
    private String requestDataByPost(String urlString) {
        String result = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlString);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setConnectTimeout(30000);
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");

            // 设置运行输入,输出:
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            // Post方式不能缓存,需手动设置为false
            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            connection.connect();

            // 我们请求的数据:     网址编码器.编码
            String data = "username=" + URLEncoder.encode("imooc", "UTF-8")
                    + "&number=" + URLEncoder.encode("15088886666", "UTF-8");
            // 获取输出流
            OutputStream out = connection.getOutputStream();
            out.write(data.getBytes());//打包写入
            out.flush();//冲洗
            out.close();

            //
            int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
                Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "UTF-8");
                char[] buffer = new char[1024];
                reader.read(buffer);
                result = new String(buffer);
                reader.close();
            } else {
                String responseMessage = connection.getResponseMessage();
                Log.e(TAG, "requestDataByPost: " + responseMessage);
            }

            final String finalResult = result;
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mTextView.setText(finalResult);
                }
            });

            //
            connection.disconnect();
            return result;

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }



    //处理解析  JSONObject是Android官方提供用来解析JSON数据的API。
    private void handleJSONData(String json) {
        try {
            JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(json);

            //
            LessonResult lessonResult = new LessonResult();
            ArrayList<LessonResult.Lesson> lessonList = new ArrayList<>();//自定义类的内部类
            //
            int status = jsonObject.getInt("status");
            JSONArray lessons = jsonObject.getJSONArray("data");
            //
            if (lessons != null && lessons.length() > 0) {
                for (int index = 0; index < lessons.length(); index++) {
                    JSONObject item = (JSONObject) lessons.get(0);
                    //拿数据
                    int id = item.getInt("id");
                    String name = item.getString("name");
                    String smallPic = item.getString("picSmall");
                    String bigPic = item.getString("picBig");
                    String description = item.getString("description");
                    int learner = item.getInt("learner");
                    //
                    LessonResult.Lesson lesson = new LessonResult.Lesson();
                    lesson.setID(id);
                    lesson.setName(name);
                    lesson.setSmallPictureUrl(smallPic);
                    lesson.setBigPictureUrl(bigPic);
                    lesson.setDescription(description);
                    lesson.setLearnerNumber(learner);
                    //
                    lessonList.add(lesson);
                }
                lessonResult.setStatus(status);
                lessonResult.setLessons(lessonList);
                mTextView.setText("data is : " + lessonResult.toString());
            }

        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }





    /**
     * 将输入流转换成字符串
     *
     * @param is 从网络获取的输入流
     * @return 字符串
     */
    public String streamToString(InputStream is) {
        try {
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            baos.close();
            is.close();
            byte[] byteArray = baos.toByteArray();
            return new String(byteArray);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将Unicode字符转换为UTF-8类型字符串
     */
    public static String decode(String unicodeStr) {
        if (unicodeStr == null) {
            return null;
        }
        StringBuilder retBuf = new StringBuilder();
        int maxLoop = unicodeStr.length();
        for (int i = 0; i < maxLoop; i++) {
            if (unicodeStr.charAt(i) == '\\') {
                if ((i < maxLoop - 5)
                        && ((unicodeStr.charAt(i + 1) == 'u') || (unicodeStr
                        .charAt(i + 1) == 'U')))
                    try {
                        retBuf.append((char) Integer.parseInt(unicodeStr.substring(i + 2, i + 6), 16));
                        i += 5;
                    } catch (NumberFormatException localNumberFormatException) {
                        retBuf.append(unicodeStr.charAt(i));
                    }
                else {
                    retBuf.append(unicodeStr.charAt(i));
                }
            } else {
                retBuf.append(unicodeStr.charAt(i));
            }
        }
        return retBuf.toString();
    }

}

/*
对象数组以内部类的方式
 */
public class LessonResult {
    private int mStatus;
    private List<Lesson> mLessons = new ArrayList<>();//Lesson类

    public int getStatus() {
        return mStatus;
    }

    public void setStatus(int status) {
        mStatus = status;
    }

    public List<Lesson> getLessons() {
        return mLessons;
    }

    public void setLessons(List<Lesson> lessons) {
        mLessons = lessons;
    }

    //lesson内部类
    public static class Lesson {
        private int mID;
        private String mName;
        private String mSmallPictureUrl;
        private String mBigPictureUrl;
        private String mDescription;
        private int mLearnerNumber;

        public int getID() {
            return mID;
        }

        public void setID(int ID) {
            mID = ID;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return mName;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            mName = name;
        }

        public String getSmallPictureUrl() {
            return mSmallPictureUrl;
        }

        public void setSmallPictureUrl(String smallPictureUrl) {
            mSmallPictureUrl = smallPictureUrl;
        }

        public String getBigPictureUrl() {
            return mBigPictureUrl;
        }

        public void setBigPictureUrl(String bigPictureUrl) {
            mBigPictureUrl = bigPictureUrl;
        }

        public String getDescription() {
            return mDescription;
        }

        public void setDescription(String description) {
            mDescription = description;
        }

        public int getLearnerNumber() {
            return mLearnerNumber;
        }

        public void setLearnerNumber(int learnerNumber) {
            mLearnerNumber = learnerNumber;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Lesson{" +
                    "mID=" + mID +
                    ", mName='" + mName + '\'' +
                    ", mSmallPictureUrl='" + mSmallPictureUrl + '\'' +
                    ", mBigPictureUrl='" + mBigPictureUrl + '\'' +
                    ", mDescription='" + mDescription + '\'' +
                    ", mLearnerNumber=" + mLearnerNumber +
                    '}';
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "LessonResult{" +
                "mStatus=" + mStatus +
                ", mLessons=" + mLessons +
                '}';
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="16dp">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/getButton"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="获取数据" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/parseDataButton"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:text="解析数据" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:text="结果"
        android:textSize="18sp" />
</LinearLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted = "true"/>
</network-security-config>