delegate and events

参考链接：

https://www.tutorialsteacher.com/csharp/csharp-event

https://www.tutorialsteacher.com/csharp/csharp-delegates

https://csharpindepth.com/Articles/Events

https://kudchikarsk.com/publish-subscribe-design-pattern-in-csharp/

1.delegate  类似于 c/c++的指针，但比c/c++更为强大。

 delegate相比于c/c++中的指针更为安全，它是引用类型。

delegate的格式:

 

delegate 分为单播和多播。

 

单播只能指向一个Method,

单播例子：

class Program
{
    // declare delegate
    public delegate void Print(int value);

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Print delegate points to PrintNumber
        Print printDel = PrintNumber;
        
        // or
        // Print printDel = new Print(PrintNumber);
             
        printDel(100000);
        printDel(200);

        // Print delegate points to PrintMoney
        printDel = PrintMoney;

        printDel(10000);
        printDel(200);
    }

    public static void PrintNumber(int num)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Number: {0,-12:N0}",num);
    }

    public static void PrintMoney(int money)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Money: {0:C}", money);
    }
}

 

多播可以指向多个Method

用+操作符 去增加 一个 指向的function

用-操作符  去删除 一个指向的 function

多播例子：

public delegate void Print(int value);

static void Main(string[] args)
{       
    Print printDel = PrintNumber;
    printDel += PrintHexadecimal;
    printDel += PrintMoney;

    printDel(1000);

    printDel -=PrintHexadecimal;
    printDel(2000);
}

public static void PrintNumber(int num)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Number: {0,-12:N0}",num);
}

public static void PrintMoney(int money)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Money: {0:C}", money);
}

public static void PrintHexadecimal(int dec)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Hexadecimal: {0:X}", dec);
}

 

2.pub-sub model

pub-sub  model为异步编程的重要手段，也用于.net framework的事件驱动。

.net框架使用EventHander delegate和EventArgc 这个基类。

pub-sub  model 相关例子：

publisher:

public class PrintHelper
{
    // declare delegate 
    public delegate void BeforePrint();
    
    //declare event of type delegate
    public event BeforePrint beforePrintEvent;
      
    public PrintHelper()
    {

    }

    public void PrintNumber(int num)
    {
        //call delegate method before going to print
        if (beforePrintEvent != null)
            beforePrintEvent();

        Console.WriteLine("Number: {0,-12:N0}", num);
    }

    public void PrintDecimal(int dec)
    {
        if (beforePrintEvent != null)
            beforePrintEvent();
    
        Console.WriteLine("Decimal: {0:G}", dec);
    }

    public void PrintMoney(int money)
    {
        if (beforePrintEvent != null)
            beforePrintEvent();

        Console.WriteLine("Money: {0:C}", money);
    }

    public void PrintTemperature(int num)
    {
        if (beforePrintEvent != null)
            beforePrintEvent();

        Console.WriteLine("Temperature: {0,4:N1} F", num);
    }
    public void PrintHexadecimal(int dec)
    {
        if (beforePrintEvent != null)
            beforePrintEvent();

        Console.WriteLine("Hexadecimal: {0:X}", dec);
    }
}

subscriber:

class Number
{
    private PrintHelper _printHelper;

    public Number(int val)
    {
        _value = val;
           
        _printHelper = new PrintHelper();
                //subscribe to beforePrintEvent event
        _printHelper.beforePrintEvent += printHelper_beforePrintEvent;
    }
    //beforePrintevent handler
    void printHelper_beforePrintEvent()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("BeforPrintEventHandler: PrintHelper is going to print a value");
    }

    private int _value;

    public int Value
    {
        get { return _value; }
        set { _value = value; }
    }

    public void PrintMoney()
    {
        _printHelper.PrintMoney(_value);
    }

    public void PrintNumber()
    {
        _printHelper.PrintNumber(_value);
    }
}

 

创建Number类的实例，

Number myNumber = new Number(100000);
myNumber.PrintMoney();//fire  event
myNumber.PrintNumber();

 

运行效果: