目录
一、摘要
图片验证码是互联网应用中常用的一种用户身份验证方式。本文将介绍如何基于Django REST Framework(DRF)+ PIL实现一个图片验证码接口,并通过详细的技术解析来帮助读者理解实现过程。
二、环境准备
pip install django
pip install djangorestframework
pip install Pillow
三、核心代码
view.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
from django.http import HttpResponseBadRequest
from django.contrib.sessions.backends.db import SessionStore
import random
from io import BytesIO
class CaptchaAPIView(APIView):
def get(self, request):
# 生成四位随机验证码
length=int(request.GET.get('length',4))
captcha = ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', k=length))
# 创建图片对象,设置字体和字体大小
img = Image.new('RGB', (150, 50), color=(255, 255, 255))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 35)
# 在图片上绘制验证码
draw.text((10, 10), captcha, font=font, fill=(random.randint(0,150), random.randint(0,255), random.randint(0,255)))
# 绘制干扰线
for _ in range(10):
x1 = random.randint(0, 150)
y1 = random.randint(0, 50)
x2 = random.randint(0, 150)
y2 = random.randint(0, 50)
draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=(0, 0, 0))
buffer = BytesIO()
img.save(buffer, format='PNG')
# 把验证码存储在session中,以便后续验证
request.session['captcha'] = captcha
data = buffer.getvalue()
# 输出图片
response = HttpResponse(data,content_type="image/png")
return response
class VerifyCaptchaAPIView(APIView):
def post(self, request):
expected_captcha = request.session.get('captcha')
received_captcha = request.data.get('captcha')
if not expected_captcha or not received_captcha or expected_captcha.lower() != received_captcha.lower():
return HttpResponseBadRequest("Invalid captcha")
# 验证通过,执行自己需要的操作
# ...
return Response("Success")
urls.py
from django.urls import path=
from .views import CaptchaAPIView, VerifyCaptchaAPIView
urlpatterns = [
path('generate_captcha/', CaptchaAPIView.as_view(), name='generate_captcha'),
path('verify_captcha/', VerifyCaptchaAPIView.as_view(), name='verify_captcha'),
]
四、总结
通过本文,读者将会了解如何使用DRF创建一个图片验证码接口,并掌握其中的技术细节。这将为他们在开发基于Django的应用时增加一种有效的用户身份验证方法,并提高系统的安全性。希望本文提供的技术解析能为读者在实践中提供帮助和指导,让他们能够更好地理解和应用基于DRF的图片验证码技术。
注意:在实际使用中,需要对验证码接口和验证请求加上访问频率限制、用户IP绑定等安全机制,以防止滥用和攻击。本文中未涉及此类安全机制,请谨慎实施。