centos7下安装git并链接到github及git常用命令

1.下载git

[root@asimov /mnt]#mount rhel-server-7.3-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt/
mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

##下载git

[root@asimov ~]#yum  install  git
....
Installed:
  git.x86_64 0:1.8.3.1-6.el7_2.1

Dependency Installed:
  perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17020-2.el7       perl-Git.noarch 0:1.8.3.1-6.el7_2.1
  perl-TermReadKey.x86_64 0:2.30-20.el7

Complete!

2.创建本地仓库：
[kiosk@asimov ~]$ mkdir gitspace

##查看git状态

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  status ./ 
##未初始化的话就会报错
fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .git

##初始化git

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  init

Initialized empty Git repository in /home/kiosk/gitspace/.git/

##查看git状态

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  status  ./
#On branch master      ##位于分支master
#
#Initial commit        ##初始提交
##提交为空，创建/copy  files 使用'git add' 建立跟踪
nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

##配置用户信息：
第一个要配置的是你个人的用户名称和电子邮件地址。这两条配置很重要，
每次 Git 提交时都会引用这两条信息，说明是谁提交了更新，所以会随更新内容一起被永久纳入历史记录：

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  config   --global user.name  "yourname"
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/kiosk
[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  config   --global user.email  "youremail"

##查看配置

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  config --list
user.name=yourname
user.email=youremail
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false
core.logallrefupdates=true

##创建一个文件未git add时：

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ touch  asimov
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/kiosk
[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ ls
asimov
[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git   status   ./
#On branch master
#
#Initial commit
#
#Untracked files:
#(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
##asimov
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

##git add 文件时 此时asimov 已经加入暂存区，但还没提交本地仓库：

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git   add   .   ##添加所有文件或指定文件
[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git   status  ./
# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
#
#	new file:   asimov
#

##使用 git commit提交

#-m："添加注释"
[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  commit -m  "add  asimov"
[master (root-commit) 464ccd4] add  asimov
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 asimov

##再次查看git状态：

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  status
# On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean  ##无文件要提交

3.配置远程仓库：
##在本地生成公钥和私钥

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ ssh-keygen -t  rsa -C  "youremail"


Your public key has been saved in /home/kiosk/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

登录github账户，点击头像进入Settings -> SSH and GPG keys -> New SSH key
将/home/kiosk/.ssh/下的id_rsa.pub复制的信息粘贴到该处。

[kiosk@asimov ~]$ ssh  -T git@github.com  ##验证
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? y
Please type 'yes' or 'no': yes
Hi asimovsperhub! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

##上传到github

# git  remote  add  将这次提交命名为asimov  仓库链接
[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  remote add asimov git@github.com:asimovsperhub/W
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/kiosk

##没有改动的情况下不用同步

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  pull  --rebase asimov master
Cannot pull with rebase: You have unstaged changes.
Please commit or stash them.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/kiosk

##git push 到github

[kiosk@asimov ~/gitspace]$ git  push -u  asimov master
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 201 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@github.com:asimovsperhub/W
 * [new branch]      master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from asimov.
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/kiosk

4.git常用命令速查表

git push origin <本地分支名>:<远程分支名>

git pull --rebase origin master
git pull命令用于从另一个存储库或本地分支获取并集成(整合)，取回远程主机某个分支的更新，再与本地的指定分支合并。