题目:输入某二叉树的前序遍历和中序遍历的结果, 请重建该二叉树。假设输入的前序遍历和中序遍历的结果中都不含重复的数字。例如, 输入前序遍历序列{1, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8}和中序遍历序列{4, 7, 2, 1, 5, 3, 8, 6}, 则重建如图2.6所示的二叉树并输出它的头节点。二叉树节点的定义如下:
二叉树复现图:
代码:
#include"BinaryTree.h"
#include<cstdio>
#include<exception>
#include <stdexcept>
BinaryTreeNode *ConstructCore(int *startPreorder, int *endPreorder, int *startInorder, int *endInorder);
BinaryTreeNode *Construct(int *preorder, int *inorder, int length)
{
if (preorder == nullptr || inorder == nullptr || length <= 0)
return nullptr;
return ConstructCore(preorder, preorder + length - 1, inorder, inorder + length - 1);
}
BinaryTreeNode *ConstructCore(int *startPreorder, int *endPreorder,int *startInorder, int *endInorder)
{
// 前序遍历序列的第一个数字是根结点的值
int rootValue = startPreorder[0];
BinaryTreeNode *root = new BinaryTreeNode();
root->m_nValue = rootValue;
root->m_pLeft = root->m_pRight = nullptr;
if (startPreorder == endPreorder)
{
if (startInorder == endInorder && *startPreorder == *startInorder)
return root;
else
throw std::logic_error("Invalid input.");
}
// 在中序遍历中找到根结点的值
int *rootInorder = startInorder;
while (rootInorder <= endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
++rootInorder;
if (rootInorder == endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
throw std::logic_error("Invalid input.");
int leftLength = rootInorder - startInorder;
int *leftPreorderEnd = startPreorder + leftLength;
if (leftLength > 0)
{
// 构建左子树
root->m_pLeft = ConstructCore(startPreorder + 1, leftPreorderEnd,
startInorder, rootInorder - 1);
}
if (leftLength < endPreorder - startPreorder)
{
// 构建右子树
root->m_pRight = ConstructCore(leftPreorderEnd + 1, endPreorder,
rootInorder + 1, endInorder);
}
return root;
}
// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char *testName, int *preorder, int *inorder, int length)
{
if (testName != nullptr)
printf("%s begins:\n", testName);
printf("The preorder sequence is: ");
for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
printf("%d ", preorder[i]);
printf("\n");
printf("The inorder sequence is: ");
for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i)
printf("%d ", inorder[i]);
printf("\n");
try
{
BinaryTreeNode *root = Construct(preorder, inorder, length);
PrintTree(root);
DestroyTree(root);
}
catch (std::exception &exception)
{
printf("Invalid Input.\n");
}
}
// 普通二叉树
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / / \
// 4 5 6
// \ /
// 7 8
void Test1()
{
const int length = 8;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8};
int inorder[length] = {4, 7, 2, 1, 5, 3, 8, 6};
Test("Test1", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 所有结点都没有右子结点
// 1
// /
// 2
// /
// 3
// /
// 4
// /
// 5
void Test2()
{
const int length = 5;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int inorder[length] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
Test("Test2", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 所有结点都没有左子结点
// 1
// \
// 2
// \
// 3
// \
// 4
// \
// 5
void Test3()
{
const int length = 5;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int inorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Test("Test3", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 树中只有一个结点
void Test4()
{
const int length = 1;
int preorder[length] = {1};
int inorder[length] = {1};
Test("Test4", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 完全二叉树
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 6 7
void Test5()
{
const int length = 7;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7};
int inorder[length] = {4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 7};
Test("Test5", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 输入空指针
void Test6()
{
Test("Test6", nullptr, nullptr, 0);
}
// 输入的两个序列不匹配
void Test7()
{
const int length = 7;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7};
int inorder[length] = {4, 2, 8, 1, 6, 3, 7};
Test("Test7: for unmatched input", preorder, inorder, length);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
Test1();
Test2();
Test3();
Test4();
Test5();
Test6();
Test7();
return 0;
}
BinaryTree.h:
#include <cstdio>
struct BinaryTreeNode
{
int m_nValue;
BinaryTreeNode *m_pLeft;
BinaryTreeNode *m_pRight;
};
__declspec(dllexport) BinaryTreeNode *CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value);
__declspec(dllexport) void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode *pParent, BinaryTreeNode *pLeft, BinaryTreeNode *pRight);
__declspec(dllexport) void PrintTreeNode(const BinaryTreeNode *pNode);
__declspec(dllexport) void PrintTree(const BinaryTreeNode *pRoot);
__declspec(dllexport) void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode *pRoot);
BinaryTreeNode *CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value)
{
BinaryTreeNode *pNode = new BinaryTreeNode();
pNode->m_nValue = value;
pNode->m_pLeft = nullptr;
pNode->m_pRight = nullptr;
return pNode;
}
void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode *pParent, BinaryTreeNode *pLeft, BinaryTreeNode *pRight)
{
if (pParent != nullptr)
{
pParent->m_pLeft = pLeft;
pParent->m_pRight = pRight;
}
}
void PrintTreeNode(const BinaryTreeNode *pNode)
{
if (pNode != nullptr)
{
printf("value of this node is: %d\n", pNode->m_nValue);
if (pNode->m_pLeft != nullptr)
printf("value of its left child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pLeft->m_nValue);
else
printf("left child is nullptr.\n");
if (pNode->m_pRight != nullptr)
printf("value of its right child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pRight->m_nValue);
else
printf("right child is nullptr.\n");
}
else
{
printf("this node is nullptr.\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
void PrintTree(const BinaryTreeNode *pRoot)
{
PrintTreeNode(pRoot);
if (pRoot != nullptr)
{
if (pRoot->m_pLeft != nullptr)
PrintTree(pRoot->m_pLeft);
if (pRoot->m_pRight != nullptr)
PrintTree(pRoot->m_pRight);
}
}
void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode *pRoot)
{
if (pRoot != nullptr)
{
BinaryTreeNode *pLeft = pRoot->m_pLeft;
BinaryTreeNode *pRight = pRoot->m_pRight;
delete pRoot;
pRoot = nullptr;
DestroyTree(pLeft);
DestroyTree(pRight);
}
}