C++(OOP)纯虚函数与抽象类

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-20 08:28:47 发布

I,Pencil

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-20 08:28:47 发布

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分类专栏： C++ 文章标签： c++ 抽象类接口多态

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41684393/article/details/112506133

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纯虚函数与抽象类

虚函数
抽象类抽象数据类型
- 任何包含一个或多个纯虚函数的类都是抽象类
- 不要创建这个类的对象，应该继承它
- 务必覆盖从这个类继承的纯虚函数
实现纯虚函数
C++接口
- 只包含纯虚函数的抽象基类

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

enum COLOR { Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, White, Black, Brow};

class Animal
{
	public:
		Animal(int);
		virtual ~Animal() {};
		virtual int GetAge() const { return itsAge; }
		virtual void SetAge(int age) { itsAge = age; }
		virtual void Sleep() const = 0;
		virtual void Eat() const = 0;
		virtual void Reproduce() const = 0;
		virtual void Move() const = 0;
		virtual void Speak() const = 0;
	private:
		int itsAge;
};

Animal::Animal(int age):itsAge(age)
{
	cout << "Animal构造函数被调用..\n";
}

class Mammal : public Animal
{
public:
	Mammal(int age):Animal(age)
	{
		cout << "Mammal构造函数被调用...\n";
	}

	virtual ~Mammal() 
	{
		cout << "<ammal析构函数被调用...\n";
	}

	virtual void Reproduce() const 
	{
		cout << "Mammal reproduction depicted...\n";
	}
};

class Fish : public Animal
{
public:
	Fish(int age) : Animal(age) 
	{
		cout << "Fish构造函数被调用...\n";
	}
	virtual ~Fish()
	{
		cout << "Fish析构函数被调用...\n";
	}
	virtual void Sleep() const { cout << "fish snoring...\n"; }
	virtual void Eat() const { cout << "fish feeding...\n"; }
	virtual void Reproduce() const { cout << "fish laying eggs...\n"; }
	virtual void Move() const { cout << "fish swimming...\n"; }
	virtual void Speak() const {}
};

class Horse : public Mammal
{
public:
	Horse(int age, COLOR color):Mammal(age), itsColor(color)
	{
		cout << "Horse构造函数被调用...\n";
	}
	virtual ~Horse()
	{
		cout << "Horse析构函数被调用...\n";
	}
	virtual void Speak() const { cout << "Whinny...\n"; }
	virtual void Sleep() const { cout << "Horse snoring...\n"; }
	virtual COLOR GetItsColor() const { return itsColor; }
	virtual void Eat() const { cout << "Horse feeding...\n"; }
	virtual void Move() const { cout << "Horse running...\n"; }

protected:
	COLOR itsColor;
};

class Dog : public Mammal 
{ 
public:
	Dog(int age, COLOR color) : Mammal(age), itsColor(color)
	{
		cout << "Dog构造函数被调用...\n";
	}
	virtual ~Dog()
	{
		cout << "Dog析构函数被调用...\n";
	}
	virtual void Speak() const { cout << "Whoof!...\n"; }
	virtual void Sleep() const { cout << "Dog snoring...\n"; }
	virtual void Eat() const { cout << "Dog eating...\n"; }
	virtual void Move() const { cout << "Dog running...\n"; }
	virtual void Reproduce() const 
	{
		cout << "Dogs reproducing...\n";
	}

protected:
	COLOR itsColor;
};

int main()
{
	Animal *pAnimal = 0;	
	int choice;
	bool fQuit = false;

	while(fQuit == false)
	{
		cout << "(1)Dog (2)Horse (3)Fish (0)Quit: ";
		cin >> choice;

		switch(choice)
		{
			case 1:
				pAnimal = new Dog(5, Brow);
				break;
			case 2:
				pAnimal = new Horse(4, Black);
				break;
			case 3:
				pAnimal = new Fish(5);
				break;
			default:
				fQuit = true;
				break;
		}
		if (fQuit == false)
		{
			pAnimal->Speak();
			pAnimal->Eat();
			pAnimal->Reproduce();
			pAnimal->Move();
			delete pAnimal;
			cout << endl;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}