C++(OOP)函数模板

• 函数模板 → 实例化 → 函数
• 模板形参
  • template <typename T>
  • template <class T>
• 四个例子

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

template <typename T>
int compare(const T & v1, const T &v2)
{
	if (v1 < v2) return -1;
	if (v1 > v2) return 1;
	return 0;
}

template <class T>
T absVal(T val)
{
	return val > 0 ? val : - val;
}

template <typename T1, typename T2>
T1 & print(T1 &s, T2 val)
{
	s << val;
	return s;
}

template <class T>
const T& bigger(const T& v1, const T& v2)
{
	return v1 > v2 ? v1 : v2;
}

int main()
{	
	double dval = -0.88;
	float fval = -12.3;

	string oristr = "this is a test";
	string desstr;
	ostringstream oss(desstr);
	ofstream outFile("result.dat");

	print(cout, -3) << endl;
	print(cout, dval) << endl;
	print(cout, fval) << endl;
	print(cout, oristr) << endl;

	print(outFile, -3) << endl;
	print(outFile, dval) << endl;
	print(outFile, fval) << endl;
	print(outFile, oristr) << endl;

	outFile.close();

	print(oss, -3) << endl;
	print(oss, dval) << endl;
	print(oss, fval) << endl;
	print(oss, oristr) << endl;

	cout << oss.str() << endl;

	double d1 = 1.23;
	double d2 = 9.56;

	cout << compare(d1, d2) << endl;

	string s1("hi");
	string s2("world");

	cout << compare(s1, s2) << endl;
	

	cout << absVal(dval) << endl;
	cout << absVal(fval) << endl;

	double a = 1.23;
	double b = 5.89;
	cout << bigger(a, b) << endl;
	cout << bigger(s1, s2) << endl;

	return 0;
}