MyBatis 学习笔记 第六章 Mybatis 缓存
使用缓存可以减少java和数据库的交互次数，从而提升程序的运行效率，比如查询出id=1的对象，第一次查询出之后会自动将该对象保存到缓存中，当下一次查询时，直接从缓存中取出该对象即可，无需再次访问数据库。
MyBatis缓存分类：
1 . 一级缓存：SqlSession级别，默认开启，并且不能关闭。
操作数据库时需要创建SqlSession对象，在对象中有一个HashMap用于存储缓存数据，不同的SqlSession之间缓存数据区域是互不影响的。
一级缓存的作用域是SqlSession范围的，当同一个SqlSession中执行两次相同的SQL语句时，第一次执行完毕会将结果保存到缓存中，第二次查询时直接从缓存中获取。
需要注意的是，如果SqlSession执行了DML操作，MyBatis必须将缓存清空以保证数据的准确性。
2 . 二级缓存：Mapper级别，默认关闭，可以开启。
使用二级缓存时，多个SqlSession使用同一个Mapper的SQL语句操作数据库，得到的数据会存在二级缓存区，同样是使用HashMap进行数据存储，相比较于一级缓存，二级缓存的范围更大，多个SqlSession可以共用二级缓存，二级缓存是跨SqlSession的。
二级缓存是多个SqlSession共享的，其作用域是Mapper的同一个namespace，不同的SqlSession两次执行相同的namespace下的SQL语句，参数也相等，则第一次执行成功后会将数据保存到二级缓存中，第二次可直接从二级缓存中取出数据。
一 . 一级缓存：
- 测试代码（默认情况）：
package com.fw.test;
import com.fw.entity.Account;
import com.fw.repository.AccountRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class Test6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 加载MyBatis配置文件
InputStream inputStream =Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
// 通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder的build方法创建SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
// 通过SqlSessionFactory的openSession方法创建SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 查询
AccountRepository accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account);
Account account2 = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account2);
}
}
控制台log：
Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl' adapter.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 982757413.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@3a93b025]
==> Preparing: select * from t_account where id = ?
==> Parameters: 1(Long)
<== Columns: id, username, password, age
<== Row: 1, 花花, 999, 30
<== Total: 1
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
默认情况下，一级缓存是开启的，当两次查询同一条数据时，只会执行一次SQL，第二次的数据是从缓存中取得的。
- 测试代码（关闭一级缓存）：
package com.fw.test;
import com.fw.entity.Account;
import com.fw.repository.AccountRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class Test6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 加载MyBatis配置文件
InputStream inputStream =Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
// 通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder的build方法创建SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
// 通过SqlSessionFactory的openSession方法创建SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 查询
AccountRepository accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account);
// 关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
// 重新实例化一个sqlSession
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 通过新的sqlSession获取一个新的accountRepository
accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account2 = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account2);
}
}
控制台log：
Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl' adapter.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 982757413.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@3a93b025]
==> Preparing: select * from t_account where id = ?
==> Parameters: 1(Long)
<== Columns: id, username, password, age
<== Row: 1, 花花, 999, 30
<== Total: 1
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@3a93b025]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@3a93b025]
Returned connection 982757413 to pool.
Opening JDBC Connection
Checked out connection 982757413 from pool.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@3a93b025]
==> Preparing: select * from t_account where id = ?
==> Parameters: 1(Long)
<== Columns: id, username, password, age
<== Row: 1, 花花, 999, 30
<== Total: 1
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
关闭一级缓存后，两次查询同一条数据时，执行了两次SQL。
二 . 二级缓存
1 . Mybatis自带的二级缓存
- mybatis-config.xml中配置开启二级缓存
<settings>
<!--打印SQL-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
<!--开启延迟加载-->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
<!--开启二级缓存-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
- 在对应的Mapper.xml中配置二级缓存
<cache></cache>
- 在实体类Account.java实现序列化接口
package com.fw.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Account implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private int age;
}
测试代码：
package com.fw.test;
import com.fw.entity.Account;
import com.fw.repository.AccountRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class Test6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 加载MyBatis配置文件
InputStream inputStream =Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
// 通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder的build方法创建SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
// 通过SqlSessionFactory的openSession方法创建SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 查询
AccountRepository accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account);
// 关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
// 重新实例化一个sqlSession
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 通过新的sqlSession获取一个新的accountRepository
accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account2 = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account2);
}
}
控制台log：
Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl' adapter.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
Cache Hit Ratio [com.fw.repository.AccountRepository]: 0.0
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 2131670196.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@7f0eb4b4]
==> Preparing: select * from t_account where id = ?
==> Parameters: 1(Long)
<== Columns: id, username, password, age
<== Row: 1, 花花, 999, 30
<== Total: 1
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@7f0eb4b4]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@7f0eb4b4]
Returned connection 2131670196 to pool.
Cache Hit Ratio [com.fw.repository.AccountRepository]: 0.5
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
2 . ehcache二级缓存
- pom.xml添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
</dependency>
- 添加ehcache.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
<diskStore/>
<!-- 默认缓存配置 -->
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="1000"
maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
eternal="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</defaultCache>
</ehcache>
- mybatis-config.xml中配置开启二级缓存
<settings>
<!--打印SQL-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
<!--开启延迟加载-->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
<!--开启二级缓存-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
- Mapper.xml中配置二级缓存
<cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache">
<!--缓存创建后，最后一次访问缓存的时间至缓存失效的时间间隔-->
<property name="timeToIdleSeconds" value="3600"/>
<!--缓存自创建时间起至失效的时间间隔-->
<property name="timeToLiveSeconds" value="3600"/>
<!--缓存的回收策略，LRU表示移除近期使用最少的对象-->
<property name="memoryStoreEvictionPolicy" value="LRU"/>
</cache>
- 实体类不需要实现序列化接口
package com.fw.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Account{
private long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private int age;
}
- 测试代码：
package com.fw.test;
import com.fw.entity.Account;
import com.fw.repository.AccountRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class Test6 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 加载MyBatis配置文件
InputStream inputStream =Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
// 通过SqlSessionFactoryBuilder的build方法创建SqlSessionFactory
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
// 通过SqlSessionFactory的openSession方法创建SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 查询
AccountRepository accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account);
// 关闭sqlSession
sqlSession.close();
// 重新实例化一个sqlSession
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 通过新的sqlSession获取一个新的accountRepository
accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account2 = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account2);
}
}
控制台log：
Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl' adapter.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
Cache Hit Ratio [com.fw.repository.AccountRepository]: 0.0
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 391630194.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@1757cd72]
==> Preparing: select * from t_account where id = ?
==> Parameters: 1(Long)
<== Columns: id, username, password, age
<== Row: 1, 花花, 999, 30
<== Total: 1
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@1757cd72]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@1757cd72]
Returned connection 391630194 to pool.
Cache Hit Ratio [com.fw.repository.AccountRepository]: 0.5
Account(id=1, username=花花, password=999, age=30)
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